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How did “ordnance” lose the “i”?


How did the word “chunter” come about?How did the spelling of 'mien' evolve?How did “ass” lose the 'r'?When did men start to lose their “virginity”?How did spitballing originateHow did words like align get a g?How did “Papa” become “Pope”?






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13

















All the dictionaries and etymology sites I've checked say that the word ordnance, meaning weapons and ammunition, was derived from ordinance, which means a regulation or law. Etymonline says that the clipped variation was established by the 17th century. It has always looked like a misspelling to me, and a popular military-themed TV show, which presumably has a technical advisor, even got it wrong.



enter image description here



But none of the sites I've checked explain how this clipped variation occurred. Does anyone know?










share|improve this question





















  • 4





    It's not inexplicable -- it's practicly inevitable. An unstressed vowel following a stressed one and preceding a complex final syllable is going to get reduced. Most English speakers saying ordinance at least use a syllabic /n/, and plenty drop the middle syllable altogether.

    – John Lawler
    Jul 30 at 2:09







  • 4





    That raises the question of why it didn't happen to the form that means "regulation". There are many unstressed vowels that remain in our spelling (not to mention all the silent e's).

    – Barmar
    Jul 30 at 3:07











  • There's a /y/ before the unstressed second vowel that helps protect it. Still "reg'lation" occurs. Practically anything will occur when people are talking fast. English is stress-timed.

    – John Lawler
    Jul 30 at 4:18






  • 3





    @JohnLawler: I read Barmar's comment as taking about the unstressed vowel in the middle of the word ordinance, not the one in the middle of the word regulation.

    – herisson
    Jul 30 at 4:59







  • 2





    Am I the only one who has read about Explosive ordnance disposal for years and never noticed that the 'i' was missing, or if I did, would have thought it to be a typo?

    – Michael J.
    Jul 30 at 14:43

















13

















All the dictionaries and etymology sites I've checked say that the word ordnance, meaning weapons and ammunition, was derived from ordinance, which means a regulation or law. Etymonline says that the clipped variation was established by the 17th century. It has always looked like a misspelling to me, and a popular military-themed TV show, which presumably has a technical advisor, even got it wrong.



enter image description here



But none of the sites I've checked explain how this clipped variation occurred. Does anyone know?










share|improve this question





















  • 4





    It's not inexplicable -- it's practicly inevitable. An unstressed vowel following a stressed one and preceding a complex final syllable is going to get reduced. Most English speakers saying ordinance at least use a syllabic /n/, and plenty drop the middle syllable altogether.

    – John Lawler
    Jul 30 at 2:09







  • 4





    That raises the question of why it didn't happen to the form that means "regulation". There are many unstressed vowels that remain in our spelling (not to mention all the silent e's).

    – Barmar
    Jul 30 at 3:07











  • There's a /y/ before the unstressed second vowel that helps protect it. Still "reg'lation" occurs. Practically anything will occur when people are talking fast. English is stress-timed.

    – John Lawler
    Jul 30 at 4:18






  • 3





    @JohnLawler: I read Barmar's comment as taking about the unstressed vowel in the middle of the word ordinance, not the one in the middle of the word regulation.

    – herisson
    Jul 30 at 4:59







  • 2





    Am I the only one who has read about Explosive ordnance disposal for years and never noticed that the 'i' was missing, or if I did, would have thought it to be a typo?

    – Michael J.
    Jul 30 at 14:43













13












13








13


1






All the dictionaries and etymology sites I've checked say that the word ordnance, meaning weapons and ammunition, was derived from ordinance, which means a regulation or law. Etymonline says that the clipped variation was established by the 17th century. It has always looked like a misspelling to me, and a popular military-themed TV show, which presumably has a technical advisor, even got it wrong.



enter image description here



But none of the sites I've checked explain how this clipped variation occurred. Does anyone know?










share|improve this question















All the dictionaries and etymology sites I've checked say that the word ordnance, meaning weapons and ammunition, was derived from ordinance, which means a regulation or law. Etymonline says that the clipped variation was established by the 17th century. It has always looked like a misspelling to me, and a popular military-themed TV show, which presumably has a technical advisor, even got it wrong.



enter image description here



But none of the sites I've checked explain how this clipped variation occurred. Does anyone know?







etymology orthography






share|improve this question














share|improve this question











share|improve this question




share|improve this question










asked Jul 30 at 1:23









BarmarBarmar

11.5k18 silver badges35 bronze badges




11.5k18 silver badges35 bronze badges










  • 4





    It's not inexplicable -- it's practicly inevitable. An unstressed vowel following a stressed one and preceding a complex final syllable is going to get reduced. Most English speakers saying ordinance at least use a syllabic /n/, and plenty drop the middle syllable altogether.

    – John Lawler
    Jul 30 at 2:09







  • 4





    That raises the question of why it didn't happen to the form that means "regulation". There are many unstressed vowels that remain in our spelling (not to mention all the silent e's).

    – Barmar
    Jul 30 at 3:07











  • There's a /y/ before the unstressed second vowel that helps protect it. Still "reg'lation" occurs. Practically anything will occur when people are talking fast. English is stress-timed.

    – John Lawler
    Jul 30 at 4:18






  • 3





    @JohnLawler: I read Barmar's comment as taking about the unstressed vowel in the middle of the word ordinance, not the one in the middle of the word regulation.

    – herisson
    Jul 30 at 4:59







  • 2





    Am I the only one who has read about Explosive ordnance disposal for years and never noticed that the 'i' was missing, or if I did, would have thought it to be a typo?

    – Michael J.
    Jul 30 at 14:43












  • 4





    It's not inexplicable -- it's practicly inevitable. An unstressed vowel following a stressed one and preceding a complex final syllable is going to get reduced. Most English speakers saying ordinance at least use a syllabic /n/, and plenty drop the middle syllable altogether.

    – John Lawler
    Jul 30 at 2:09







  • 4





    That raises the question of why it didn't happen to the form that means "regulation". There are many unstressed vowels that remain in our spelling (not to mention all the silent e's).

    – Barmar
    Jul 30 at 3:07











  • There's a /y/ before the unstressed second vowel that helps protect it. Still "reg'lation" occurs. Practically anything will occur when people are talking fast. English is stress-timed.

    – John Lawler
    Jul 30 at 4:18






  • 3





    @JohnLawler: I read Barmar's comment as taking about the unstressed vowel in the middle of the word ordinance, not the one in the middle of the word regulation.

    – herisson
    Jul 30 at 4:59







  • 2





    Am I the only one who has read about Explosive ordnance disposal for years and never noticed that the 'i' was missing, or if I did, would have thought it to be a typo?

    – Michael J.
    Jul 30 at 14:43







4




4





It's not inexplicable -- it's practicly inevitable. An unstressed vowel following a stressed one and preceding a complex final syllable is going to get reduced. Most English speakers saying ordinance at least use a syllabic /n/, and plenty drop the middle syllable altogether.

– John Lawler
Jul 30 at 2:09






It's not inexplicable -- it's practicly inevitable. An unstressed vowel following a stressed one and preceding a complex final syllable is going to get reduced. Most English speakers saying ordinance at least use a syllabic /n/, and plenty drop the middle syllable altogether.

– John Lawler
Jul 30 at 2:09





4




4





That raises the question of why it didn't happen to the form that means "regulation". There are many unstressed vowels that remain in our spelling (not to mention all the silent e's).

– Barmar
Jul 30 at 3:07





That raises the question of why it didn't happen to the form that means "regulation". There are many unstressed vowels that remain in our spelling (not to mention all the silent e's).

– Barmar
Jul 30 at 3:07













There's a /y/ before the unstressed second vowel that helps protect it. Still "reg'lation" occurs. Practically anything will occur when people are talking fast. English is stress-timed.

– John Lawler
Jul 30 at 4:18





There's a /y/ before the unstressed second vowel that helps protect it. Still "reg'lation" occurs. Practically anything will occur when people are talking fast. English is stress-timed.

– John Lawler
Jul 30 at 4:18




3




3





@JohnLawler: I read Barmar's comment as taking about the unstressed vowel in the middle of the word ordinance, not the one in the middle of the word regulation.

– herisson
Jul 30 at 4:59






@JohnLawler: I read Barmar's comment as taking about the unstressed vowel in the middle of the word ordinance, not the one in the middle of the word regulation.

– herisson
Jul 30 at 4:59





2




2





Am I the only one who has read about Explosive ordnance disposal for years and never noticed that the 'i' was missing, or if I did, would have thought it to be a typo?

– Michael J.
Jul 30 at 14:43





Am I the only one who has read about Explosive ordnance disposal for years and never noticed that the 'i' was missing, or if I did, would have thought it to be a typo?

– Michael J.
Jul 30 at 14:43










2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















12


















The spelling without the [i] was present in Middle English, and then a more general shift towards dropping the [i] occurs in the 17th and 18th centuries. Samuel Johnson treats the older spelling as an archaism.



Middle English



Here are common forms of the Middle English word ordinaunce (Middle English Dictionary):




ordinaunce n. Also ordinauns(e, ordenaunce, ordenauns, ordinawuns, ordonaunce, ordonans, ordrenance & ordnaunce, ordnanse & ordeinaunce & (error) ordyunce.




With multiple forms (in bold) the vowel between [d] and [n] disappears. These are not the most common spelling, but they show what is to come - for some uses of ordinance/ordnance, speakers and writers were already dropping the middle vowel.



By the 15th century, ordinaunce referred to artillery provisions and other military equipment (def 11 of the MED entry).



Early Lexicons: Ordinance



In early lexicons, the word is at first recorded as ordinance and other variants. Here is Thomas Elyot in the Bibliotheca Eliotae (1542):




Instrumentum, an instrument or toole. also ordinance of warre, vessell, and all necessaries of householde and husbandry. somtyme it sygnifieth a deede or charter concernyng lande, dettes, or couenauntes.




And John Withals in A Short Dictionary for Young Beginners (1556):




Armamentaria, modo nauium instrumenta, vel munimenta, modo armorum repositoria significant. Item conditorium, a place wherin ordinaunce for warre is kept.




This is frequent in lexicons even to the 18th century. Here is Nathan Bailey, Univesal Etymological English Dictionary (1737):




ARTILLERY[artillerie, F.] the heavy equipage of war, comprehending all sorts of great fire arms, with what belongs to them, as cannons, mortars, &c. the same that is called ordinance.




Early Lexicons: Shifting to Ordnance



The spelling begins to shift in lexicons at the start of the 17th century. Jacob Cornelissoon van Neck's book The Journal or Daily Register of the Voyage from Amsterdam the First Day of March, 1598 (1601) contains a glossary translating from an East Indian language with the following:




A great peece of Ordnance



Bedyl besar




Randle Cotgrave uses the spelling repeatedly in his A Dictionary of the French and English Tongues (1611), whenever a French word could use it. For instance:




Canonniere: f. A loope-hole, or port-hole, for a peece of Ordnance; also, a Potgunne.




It occurs very frequently thereafter, especially in reference to armaments and occasionally in other uses. Back to Nathan Bailey (1737), he uses ordnance as well, in a context very close to that he uses ordinance (artillery):




Train of ARTILLERY,a set or number of pieces of ordnance, mounted on carriages with all their furniture, fit for marching.




A generation later, Samuel Johnson includes a note to his entry for ordnance that either tries to kill the older spelling or notes its obsolescence, depending on your perspective on his Dictionary of the English Language (1755):




O’RDNANCE. n. s. [This was anciently written more frequently ordinance; but ordnance is used for distinction.] Cannon; great guns. Have I not heard great ordnance in the field? And heav'n's artillery thunder in the skies? Shakesp. When a ship seels or rolls in foul weather, the breaking loose of ordnance is a thing very dangerous. Raleigh. There are examples now of wounded persons that have roared for anguish and torment at the discharge of ordnance, though at a very great distance. Bentley's Serm.




Note that he also includes an entry for ordinance, which he distinguishes semantically while also noting the change in spelling when it comes to artillery:




O’RDINANCE. n. s. [ordonnance, French.] 1. Law; rule; prescript. It seemeth hard to plant any sound ordinance, or reduce them to a civil government; since all their ill customs are permitted unto them. Spenser on Ireland. Let Richard and Elizabeth, The true succeeders of each royal house, By God's fair ordinance conjoin together! Shakesp. 2. Observance commanded. One ordinance ought not to exclude the other, much less to disparage the other, and least of all to undervalue that which is the most eminent. Taylor. 3. Appointment. Things created to shew bare heads, When one but of my ordinance stood up, To speak of peace or war. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 4. A cannon. It is now generally written for distinction ordnance; its derivation is not certain. Caves and womby vaultages of France, Shall chide your trespass and return your mock, In second accent to his ordinance. Shakesp. Hen. V.




So by this time, the shift is essentially complete. By the time Noah Webster gets around to his dictionary (1828), this is all he has to say on ordnance:




ORD'NANCE, noun [from ordinance.] Cannon or great guns, mortars and howitzers; artillery.




Ordinance has its own entry and has effectively become its own word form. As Johnson suggested, the spelling differs for distinction, or to distinguish the two words and meanings.






share|improve this answer

































    5


















    From ordinance comes ordnance:




    Over a period of centuries [14th - 17th] the form without the medial
    vowel ordnance became more and more common in English in the
    'military senses'.




    It first occurred in the 14th century (from your etymology citation) and by the 17th C. it became its own sense.



    The Oxford Guide to Etymology






    share|improve this answer


























    • For a sample of 17th century usage of both, see Samuel Pepys's diary here - pepysdiary.com/search/?q=ordinance&k=d&o=r

      – Phil Sweet
      Jul 30 at 2:19












    Your Answer








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    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

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    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes









    12


















    The spelling without the [i] was present in Middle English, and then a more general shift towards dropping the [i] occurs in the 17th and 18th centuries. Samuel Johnson treats the older spelling as an archaism.



    Middle English



    Here are common forms of the Middle English word ordinaunce (Middle English Dictionary):




    ordinaunce n. Also ordinauns(e, ordenaunce, ordenauns, ordinawuns, ordonaunce, ordonans, ordrenance & ordnaunce, ordnanse & ordeinaunce & (error) ordyunce.




    With multiple forms (in bold) the vowel between [d] and [n] disappears. These are not the most common spelling, but they show what is to come - for some uses of ordinance/ordnance, speakers and writers were already dropping the middle vowel.



    By the 15th century, ordinaunce referred to artillery provisions and other military equipment (def 11 of the MED entry).



    Early Lexicons: Ordinance



    In early lexicons, the word is at first recorded as ordinance and other variants. Here is Thomas Elyot in the Bibliotheca Eliotae (1542):




    Instrumentum, an instrument or toole. also ordinance of warre, vessell, and all necessaries of householde and husbandry. somtyme it sygnifieth a deede or charter concernyng lande, dettes, or couenauntes.




    And John Withals in A Short Dictionary for Young Beginners (1556):




    Armamentaria, modo nauium instrumenta, vel munimenta, modo armorum repositoria significant. Item conditorium, a place wherin ordinaunce for warre is kept.




    This is frequent in lexicons even to the 18th century. Here is Nathan Bailey, Univesal Etymological English Dictionary (1737):




    ARTILLERY[artillerie, F.] the heavy equipage of war, comprehending all sorts of great fire arms, with what belongs to them, as cannons, mortars, &c. the same that is called ordinance.




    Early Lexicons: Shifting to Ordnance



    The spelling begins to shift in lexicons at the start of the 17th century. Jacob Cornelissoon van Neck's book The Journal or Daily Register of the Voyage from Amsterdam the First Day of March, 1598 (1601) contains a glossary translating from an East Indian language with the following:




    A great peece of Ordnance



    Bedyl besar




    Randle Cotgrave uses the spelling repeatedly in his A Dictionary of the French and English Tongues (1611), whenever a French word could use it. For instance:




    Canonniere: f. A loope-hole, or port-hole, for a peece of Ordnance; also, a Potgunne.




    It occurs very frequently thereafter, especially in reference to armaments and occasionally in other uses. Back to Nathan Bailey (1737), he uses ordnance as well, in a context very close to that he uses ordinance (artillery):




    Train of ARTILLERY,a set or number of pieces of ordnance, mounted on carriages with all their furniture, fit for marching.




    A generation later, Samuel Johnson includes a note to his entry for ordnance that either tries to kill the older spelling or notes its obsolescence, depending on your perspective on his Dictionary of the English Language (1755):




    O’RDNANCE. n. s. [This was anciently written more frequently ordinance; but ordnance is used for distinction.] Cannon; great guns. Have I not heard great ordnance in the field? And heav'n's artillery thunder in the skies? Shakesp. When a ship seels or rolls in foul weather, the breaking loose of ordnance is a thing very dangerous. Raleigh. There are examples now of wounded persons that have roared for anguish and torment at the discharge of ordnance, though at a very great distance. Bentley's Serm.




    Note that he also includes an entry for ordinance, which he distinguishes semantically while also noting the change in spelling when it comes to artillery:




    O’RDINANCE. n. s. [ordonnance, French.] 1. Law; rule; prescript. It seemeth hard to plant any sound ordinance, or reduce them to a civil government; since all their ill customs are permitted unto them. Spenser on Ireland. Let Richard and Elizabeth, The true succeeders of each royal house, By God's fair ordinance conjoin together! Shakesp. 2. Observance commanded. One ordinance ought not to exclude the other, much less to disparage the other, and least of all to undervalue that which is the most eminent. Taylor. 3. Appointment. Things created to shew bare heads, When one but of my ordinance stood up, To speak of peace or war. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 4. A cannon. It is now generally written for distinction ordnance; its derivation is not certain. Caves and womby vaultages of France, Shall chide your trespass and return your mock, In second accent to his ordinance. Shakesp. Hen. V.




    So by this time, the shift is essentially complete. By the time Noah Webster gets around to his dictionary (1828), this is all he has to say on ordnance:




    ORD'NANCE, noun [from ordinance.] Cannon or great guns, mortars and howitzers; artillery.




    Ordinance has its own entry and has effectively become its own word form. As Johnson suggested, the spelling differs for distinction, or to distinguish the two words and meanings.






    share|improve this answer






























      12


















      The spelling without the [i] was present in Middle English, and then a more general shift towards dropping the [i] occurs in the 17th and 18th centuries. Samuel Johnson treats the older spelling as an archaism.



      Middle English



      Here are common forms of the Middle English word ordinaunce (Middle English Dictionary):




      ordinaunce n. Also ordinauns(e, ordenaunce, ordenauns, ordinawuns, ordonaunce, ordonans, ordrenance & ordnaunce, ordnanse & ordeinaunce & (error) ordyunce.




      With multiple forms (in bold) the vowel between [d] and [n] disappears. These are not the most common spelling, but they show what is to come - for some uses of ordinance/ordnance, speakers and writers were already dropping the middle vowel.



      By the 15th century, ordinaunce referred to artillery provisions and other military equipment (def 11 of the MED entry).



      Early Lexicons: Ordinance



      In early lexicons, the word is at first recorded as ordinance and other variants. Here is Thomas Elyot in the Bibliotheca Eliotae (1542):




      Instrumentum, an instrument or toole. also ordinance of warre, vessell, and all necessaries of householde and husbandry. somtyme it sygnifieth a deede or charter concernyng lande, dettes, or couenauntes.




      And John Withals in A Short Dictionary for Young Beginners (1556):




      Armamentaria, modo nauium instrumenta, vel munimenta, modo armorum repositoria significant. Item conditorium, a place wherin ordinaunce for warre is kept.




      This is frequent in lexicons even to the 18th century. Here is Nathan Bailey, Univesal Etymological English Dictionary (1737):




      ARTILLERY[artillerie, F.] the heavy equipage of war, comprehending all sorts of great fire arms, with what belongs to them, as cannons, mortars, &c. the same that is called ordinance.




      Early Lexicons: Shifting to Ordnance



      The spelling begins to shift in lexicons at the start of the 17th century. Jacob Cornelissoon van Neck's book The Journal or Daily Register of the Voyage from Amsterdam the First Day of March, 1598 (1601) contains a glossary translating from an East Indian language with the following:




      A great peece of Ordnance



      Bedyl besar




      Randle Cotgrave uses the spelling repeatedly in his A Dictionary of the French and English Tongues (1611), whenever a French word could use it. For instance:




      Canonniere: f. A loope-hole, or port-hole, for a peece of Ordnance; also, a Potgunne.




      It occurs very frequently thereafter, especially in reference to armaments and occasionally in other uses. Back to Nathan Bailey (1737), he uses ordnance as well, in a context very close to that he uses ordinance (artillery):




      Train of ARTILLERY,a set or number of pieces of ordnance, mounted on carriages with all their furniture, fit for marching.




      A generation later, Samuel Johnson includes a note to his entry for ordnance that either tries to kill the older spelling or notes its obsolescence, depending on your perspective on his Dictionary of the English Language (1755):




      O’RDNANCE. n. s. [This was anciently written more frequently ordinance; but ordnance is used for distinction.] Cannon; great guns. Have I not heard great ordnance in the field? And heav'n's artillery thunder in the skies? Shakesp. When a ship seels or rolls in foul weather, the breaking loose of ordnance is a thing very dangerous. Raleigh. There are examples now of wounded persons that have roared for anguish and torment at the discharge of ordnance, though at a very great distance. Bentley's Serm.




      Note that he also includes an entry for ordinance, which he distinguishes semantically while also noting the change in spelling when it comes to artillery:




      O’RDINANCE. n. s. [ordonnance, French.] 1. Law; rule; prescript. It seemeth hard to plant any sound ordinance, or reduce them to a civil government; since all their ill customs are permitted unto them. Spenser on Ireland. Let Richard and Elizabeth, The true succeeders of each royal house, By God's fair ordinance conjoin together! Shakesp. 2. Observance commanded. One ordinance ought not to exclude the other, much less to disparage the other, and least of all to undervalue that which is the most eminent. Taylor. 3. Appointment. Things created to shew bare heads, When one but of my ordinance stood up, To speak of peace or war. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 4. A cannon. It is now generally written for distinction ordnance; its derivation is not certain. Caves and womby vaultages of France, Shall chide your trespass and return your mock, In second accent to his ordinance. Shakesp. Hen. V.




      So by this time, the shift is essentially complete. By the time Noah Webster gets around to his dictionary (1828), this is all he has to say on ordnance:




      ORD'NANCE, noun [from ordinance.] Cannon or great guns, mortars and howitzers; artillery.




      Ordinance has its own entry and has effectively become its own word form. As Johnson suggested, the spelling differs for distinction, or to distinguish the two words and meanings.






      share|improve this answer




























        12














        12










        12









        The spelling without the [i] was present in Middle English, and then a more general shift towards dropping the [i] occurs in the 17th and 18th centuries. Samuel Johnson treats the older spelling as an archaism.



        Middle English



        Here are common forms of the Middle English word ordinaunce (Middle English Dictionary):




        ordinaunce n. Also ordinauns(e, ordenaunce, ordenauns, ordinawuns, ordonaunce, ordonans, ordrenance & ordnaunce, ordnanse & ordeinaunce & (error) ordyunce.




        With multiple forms (in bold) the vowel between [d] and [n] disappears. These are not the most common spelling, but they show what is to come - for some uses of ordinance/ordnance, speakers and writers were already dropping the middle vowel.



        By the 15th century, ordinaunce referred to artillery provisions and other military equipment (def 11 of the MED entry).



        Early Lexicons: Ordinance



        In early lexicons, the word is at first recorded as ordinance and other variants. Here is Thomas Elyot in the Bibliotheca Eliotae (1542):




        Instrumentum, an instrument or toole. also ordinance of warre, vessell, and all necessaries of householde and husbandry. somtyme it sygnifieth a deede or charter concernyng lande, dettes, or couenauntes.




        And John Withals in A Short Dictionary for Young Beginners (1556):




        Armamentaria, modo nauium instrumenta, vel munimenta, modo armorum repositoria significant. Item conditorium, a place wherin ordinaunce for warre is kept.




        This is frequent in lexicons even to the 18th century. Here is Nathan Bailey, Univesal Etymological English Dictionary (1737):




        ARTILLERY[artillerie, F.] the heavy equipage of war, comprehending all sorts of great fire arms, with what belongs to them, as cannons, mortars, &c. the same that is called ordinance.




        Early Lexicons: Shifting to Ordnance



        The spelling begins to shift in lexicons at the start of the 17th century. Jacob Cornelissoon van Neck's book The Journal or Daily Register of the Voyage from Amsterdam the First Day of March, 1598 (1601) contains a glossary translating from an East Indian language with the following:




        A great peece of Ordnance



        Bedyl besar




        Randle Cotgrave uses the spelling repeatedly in his A Dictionary of the French and English Tongues (1611), whenever a French word could use it. For instance:




        Canonniere: f. A loope-hole, or port-hole, for a peece of Ordnance; also, a Potgunne.




        It occurs very frequently thereafter, especially in reference to armaments and occasionally in other uses. Back to Nathan Bailey (1737), he uses ordnance as well, in a context very close to that he uses ordinance (artillery):




        Train of ARTILLERY,a set or number of pieces of ordnance, mounted on carriages with all their furniture, fit for marching.




        A generation later, Samuel Johnson includes a note to his entry for ordnance that either tries to kill the older spelling or notes its obsolescence, depending on your perspective on his Dictionary of the English Language (1755):




        O’RDNANCE. n. s. [This was anciently written more frequently ordinance; but ordnance is used for distinction.] Cannon; great guns. Have I not heard great ordnance in the field? And heav'n's artillery thunder in the skies? Shakesp. When a ship seels or rolls in foul weather, the breaking loose of ordnance is a thing very dangerous. Raleigh. There are examples now of wounded persons that have roared for anguish and torment at the discharge of ordnance, though at a very great distance. Bentley's Serm.




        Note that he also includes an entry for ordinance, which he distinguishes semantically while also noting the change in spelling when it comes to artillery:




        O’RDINANCE. n. s. [ordonnance, French.] 1. Law; rule; prescript. It seemeth hard to plant any sound ordinance, or reduce them to a civil government; since all their ill customs are permitted unto them. Spenser on Ireland. Let Richard and Elizabeth, The true succeeders of each royal house, By God's fair ordinance conjoin together! Shakesp. 2. Observance commanded. One ordinance ought not to exclude the other, much less to disparage the other, and least of all to undervalue that which is the most eminent. Taylor. 3. Appointment. Things created to shew bare heads, When one but of my ordinance stood up, To speak of peace or war. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 4. A cannon. It is now generally written for distinction ordnance; its derivation is not certain. Caves and womby vaultages of France, Shall chide your trespass and return your mock, In second accent to his ordinance. Shakesp. Hen. V.




        So by this time, the shift is essentially complete. By the time Noah Webster gets around to his dictionary (1828), this is all he has to say on ordnance:




        ORD'NANCE, noun [from ordinance.] Cannon or great guns, mortars and howitzers; artillery.




        Ordinance has its own entry and has effectively become its own word form. As Johnson suggested, the spelling differs for distinction, or to distinguish the two words and meanings.






        share|improve this answer














        The spelling without the [i] was present in Middle English, and then a more general shift towards dropping the [i] occurs in the 17th and 18th centuries. Samuel Johnson treats the older spelling as an archaism.



        Middle English



        Here are common forms of the Middle English word ordinaunce (Middle English Dictionary):




        ordinaunce n. Also ordinauns(e, ordenaunce, ordenauns, ordinawuns, ordonaunce, ordonans, ordrenance & ordnaunce, ordnanse & ordeinaunce & (error) ordyunce.




        With multiple forms (in bold) the vowel between [d] and [n] disappears. These are not the most common spelling, but they show what is to come - for some uses of ordinance/ordnance, speakers and writers were already dropping the middle vowel.



        By the 15th century, ordinaunce referred to artillery provisions and other military equipment (def 11 of the MED entry).



        Early Lexicons: Ordinance



        In early lexicons, the word is at first recorded as ordinance and other variants. Here is Thomas Elyot in the Bibliotheca Eliotae (1542):




        Instrumentum, an instrument or toole. also ordinance of warre, vessell, and all necessaries of householde and husbandry. somtyme it sygnifieth a deede or charter concernyng lande, dettes, or couenauntes.




        And John Withals in A Short Dictionary for Young Beginners (1556):




        Armamentaria, modo nauium instrumenta, vel munimenta, modo armorum repositoria significant. Item conditorium, a place wherin ordinaunce for warre is kept.




        This is frequent in lexicons even to the 18th century. Here is Nathan Bailey, Univesal Etymological English Dictionary (1737):




        ARTILLERY[artillerie, F.] the heavy equipage of war, comprehending all sorts of great fire arms, with what belongs to them, as cannons, mortars, &c. the same that is called ordinance.




        Early Lexicons: Shifting to Ordnance



        The spelling begins to shift in lexicons at the start of the 17th century. Jacob Cornelissoon van Neck's book The Journal or Daily Register of the Voyage from Amsterdam the First Day of March, 1598 (1601) contains a glossary translating from an East Indian language with the following:




        A great peece of Ordnance



        Bedyl besar




        Randle Cotgrave uses the spelling repeatedly in his A Dictionary of the French and English Tongues (1611), whenever a French word could use it. For instance:




        Canonniere: f. A loope-hole, or port-hole, for a peece of Ordnance; also, a Potgunne.




        It occurs very frequently thereafter, especially in reference to armaments and occasionally in other uses. Back to Nathan Bailey (1737), he uses ordnance as well, in a context very close to that he uses ordinance (artillery):




        Train of ARTILLERY,a set or number of pieces of ordnance, mounted on carriages with all their furniture, fit for marching.




        A generation later, Samuel Johnson includes a note to his entry for ordnance that either tries to kill the older spelling or notes its obsolescence, depending on your perspective on his Dictionary of the English Language (1755):




        O’RDNANCE. n. s. [This was anciently written more frequently ordinance; but ordnance is used for distinction.] Cannon; great guns. Have I not heard great ordnance in the field? And heav'n's artillery thunder in the skies? Shakesp. When a ship seels or rolls in foul weather, the breaking loose of ordnance is a thing very dangerous. Raleigh. There are examples now of wounded persons that have roared for anguish and torment at the discharge of ordnance, though at a very great distance. Bentley's Serm.




        Note that he also includes an entry for ordinance, which he distinguishes semantically while also noting the change in spelling when it comes to artillery:




        O’RDINANCE. n. s. [ordonnance, French.] 1. Law; rule; prescript. It seemeth hard to plant any sound ordinance, or reduce them to a civil government; since all their ill customs are permitted unto them. Spenser on Ireland. Let Richard and Elizabeth, The true succeeders of each royal house, By God's fair ordinance conjoin together! Shakesp. 2. Observance commanded. One ordinance ought not to exclude the other, much less to disparage the other, and least of all to undervalue that which is the most eminent. Taylor. 3. Appointment. Things created to shew bare heads, When one but of my ordinance stood up, To speak of peace or war. Shakesp. Coriolanus. 4. A cannon. It is now generally written for distinction ordnance; its derivation is not certain. Caves and womby vaultages of France, Shall chide your trespass and return your mock, In second accent to his ordinance. Shakesp. Hen. V.




        So by this time, the shift is essentially complete. By the time Noah Webster gets around to his dictionary (1828), this is all he has to say on ordnance:




        ORD'NANCE, noun [from ordinance.] Cannon or great guns, mortars and howitzers; artillery.




        Ordinance has its own entry and has effectively become its own word form. As Johnson suggested, the spelling differs for distinction, or to distinguish the two words and meanings.







        share|improve this answer













        share|improve this answer




        share|improve this answer










        answered Jul 30 at 2:54









        TaliesinMerlinTaliesinMerlin

        19.6k1 gold badge30 silver badges61 bronze badges




        19.6k1 gold badge30 silver badges61 bronze badges


























            5


















            From ordinance comes ordnance:




            Over a period of centuries [14th - 17th] the form without the medial
            vowel ordnance became more and more common in English in the
            'military senses'.




            It first occurred in the 14th century (from your etymology citation) and by the 17th C. it became its own sense.



            The Oxford Guide to Etymology






            share|improve this answer


























            • For a sample of 17th century usage of both, see Samuel Pepys's diary here - pepysdiary.com/search/?q=ordinance&k=d&o=r

              – Phil Sweet
              Jul 30 at 2:19















            5


















            From ordinance comes ordnance:




            Over a period of centuries [14th - 17th] the form without the medial
            vowel ordnance became more and more common in English in the
            'military senses'.




            It first occurred in the 14th century (from your etymology citation) and by the 17th C. it became its own sense.



            The Oxford Guide to Etymology






            share|improve this answer


























            • For a sample of 17th century usage of both, see Samuel Pepys's diary here - pepysdiary.com/search/?q=ordinance&k=d&o=r

              – Phil Sweet
              Jul 30 at 2:19













            5














            5










            5









            From ordinance comes ordnance:




            Over a period of centuries [14th - 17th] the form without the medial
            vowel ordnance became more and more common in English in the
            'military senses'.




            It first occurred in the 14th century (from your etymology citation) and by the 17th C. it became its own sense.



            The Oxford Guide to Etymology






            share|improve this answer














            From ordinance comes ordnance:




            Over a period of centuries [14th - 17th] the form without the medial
            vowel ordnance became more and more common in English in the
            'military senses'.




            It first occurred in the 14th century (from your etymology citation) and by the 17th C. it became its own sense.



            The Oxford Guide to Etymology







            share|improve this answer













            share|improve this answer




            share|improve this answer










            answered Jul 30 at 2:05









            lbflbf

            28.8k3 gold badges32 silver badges91 bronze badges




            28.8k3 gold badges32 silver badges91 bronze badges















            • For a sample of 17th century usage of both, see Samuel Pepys's diary here - pepysdiary.com/search/?q=ordinance&k=d&o=r

              – Phil Sweet
              Jul 30 at 2:19

















            • For a sample of 17th century usage of both, see Samuel Pepys's diary here - pepysdiary.com/search/?q=ordinance&k=d&o=r

              – Phil Sweet
              Jul 30 at 2:19
















            For a sample of 17th century usage of both, see Samuel Pepys's diary here - pepysdiary.com/search/?q=ordinance&k=d&o=r

            – Phil Sweet
            Jul 30 at 2:19





            For a sample of 17th century usage of both, see Samuel Pepys's diary here - pepysdiary.com/search/?q=ordinance&k=d&o=r

            – Phil Sweet
            Jul 30 at 2:19


















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