How was the dust limit of 546 satoshis was chosen? Why not 550 satoshis?What is meant by Bitcoin dust?What is a bitcoin incoming transaction with value = 0.00000546?Why is a transaction with outputs of less than ฿0.00005460 rejected?Could Bitcoin dust spam be effectively combatted by actually including it in the block-chain?Should there be a minimum transaction limit to prevent dust spam?Wallet design: What to do with dust amounts in change?Since Bitcoin Core 0.14.0, how does a node with default settings compute the dust limit?What is the dust limit on Bitcoin Cash transactions?In bitcoin core, how to avoid the dust exception?Does Bitcoin dust limit include miner fee as well?
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How was the dust limit of 546 satoshis was chosen? Why not 550 satoshis?
What is meant by Bitcoin dust?What is a bitcoin incoming transaction with value = 0.00000546?Why is a transaction with outputs of less than ฿0.00005460 rejected?Could Bitcoin dust spam be effectively combatted by actually including it in the block-chain?Should there be a minimum transaction limit to prevent dust spam?Wallet design: What to do with dust amounts in change?Since Bitcoin Core 0.14.0, how does a node with default settings compute the dust limit?What is the dust limit on Bitcoin Cash transactions?In bitcoin core, how to avoid the dust exception?Does Bitcoin dust limit include miner fee as well?
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Is there a reason why 546 satoshis was chosen as dust limit instead of 547 or even 550 satoshis, historically?
history dust
asked Apr 15 at 15:00
MCCCSMCCCS
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Is there a reason why 546 satoshis was chosen as dust limit instead of 547 or even 550 satoshis, historically?
history dust
asked Apr 15 at 15:00
MCCCSMCCCS
5,3123 gold badges15 silver badges44 bronze badges
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Is there a reason why 546 satoshis was chosen as dust limit instead of 547 or even 550 satoshis, historically?
history dust
asked Apr 15 at 15:00
MCCCSMCCCS
5,3123 gold badges15 silver badges44 bronze badges
Is there a reason why 546 satoshis was chosen as dust limit instead of 547 or even 550 satoshis, historically?
history dust
history dust
asked Apr 15 at 15:00
MCCCSMCCCS
5,3123 gold badges15 silver badges44 bronze badges
asked Apr 15 at 15:00
MCCCSMCCCS
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asked Apr 15 at 15:00
MCCCSMCCCS
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asked Apr 15 at 15:00
MCCCSMCCCS
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asked Apr 15 at 15:00
MCCCSMCCCS
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2 Answers
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The dust limit is not actually fixed, technically - it varies based on the type of output. 546 satoshis is simply the most commonly known one, for a p2pkh output. Being the longest-lived output type, I suspect some wallets/blog posts/literature might treat it as a hard coded dust limit.
As to how to arrive at 546 satoshis, we must first know what "dust" means. A dust output is an output which costs more to spend, than it is worth. In other words, an X BTC output that costs >X to spend, is a dust output. This is directly proportional to the amount of data required to spend an output, since fees in bitcoin are commonly denoted "per-byte". The more bytes you must add to your tx to spend an output, the higher its dust threshold.
A very basic tx consisting of 1 p2pkh input (~148 bytes), and 1 p2pkh output (~34 bytes) comes out to 182 bytes. The dust limit is 3 times this number (assuming a relay fee of 1 satoshi), or 182*3 = 546 sats.
For more complex txs, such as p2sh, this number is larger. For less space-intensive ones such as the newer segwit options, this number would be lower.
The code used in Bitcoin core to determine the dust threshold can be found here.
edited Apr 16 at 2:58
KappaDev
6091 gold badge5 silver badges19 bronze badges
answered Apr 15 at 15:15
Raghav SoodRaghav Sood
9,4812 gold badges12 silver badges29 bronze badges
I think this answer could be clarified a bit. It seems to boil down to the statement that "the dust limit is fixed at 3 satoshis per byte", which raises the question as to how this figure was selected. Also, referring to this as a "relay fee" seems misleading because no fees are collected by nodes who merely relay transactions.
– Nate Eldredge
Apr 15 at 15:31
@NateEldredge Absolutely - I'm trying to look up some sources I read ages ago on why3*relay feewas selected. As for the relay fee bit, I believe it comes from theminrelaytxfeeflag for bitcoind, which lets you control which transactions your node relays based on fee
– Raghav Sood
Apr 15 at 15:36
Wasn't it the case that dust limit was introduced to prevent creation of UTXOs whose value is lower than the cost of scriptSig to spend it? For a 148 byte input, scriptSig would be 107 bytes. That is ~34*3.
– Ugam Kamat
Apr 15 at 16:29
I think Ugam is right according to this.
– MCCCS
Apr 15 at 16:48
add a comment
|
Bitcoin core sets the dust limit to a value where spending an output would exceed 1/3 of its value. This calculation is based on the node's setting for the minimum relay transaction fee (see option -minrelaytxfee) whose default is 0.00001 BTC/KB. Any transaction with a fee less than that does not get relayed by the node i.e. is dropped from its mempool.
For a node that uses the default -minrelaytxfee of 0.00001 BTC/KB (1000 satoshis/KB) and given that for P2PKH an input is 148 bytes and an output is 34 bytes, it follows that an output less than or equal to 546 satoshis is considered dust according to Bicoin core.
Reference: What is meant by Bitcoin dust?
answered Apr 15 at 16:55
Thalis K.Thalis K.
2162 silver badges7 bronze badges
add a comment
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2 Answers
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active
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2 Answers
2
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The dust limit is not actually fixed, technically - it varies based on the type of output. 546 satoshis is simply the most commonly known one, for a p2pkh output. Being the longest-lived output type, I suspect some wallets/blog posts/literature might treat it as a hard coded dust limit.
As to how to arrive at 546 satoshis, we must first know what "dust" means. A dust output is an output which costs more to spend, than it is worth. In other words, an X BTC output that costs >X to spend, is a dust output. This is directly proportional to the amount of data required to spend an output, since fees in bitcoin are commonly denoted "per-byte". The more bytes you must add to your tx to spend an output, the higher its dust threshold.
A very basic tx consisting of 1 p2pkh input (~148 bytes), and 1 p2pkh output (~34 bytes) comes out to 182 bytes. The dust limit is 3 times this number (assuming a relay fee of 1 satoshi), or 182*3 = 546 sats.
For more complex txs, such as p2sh, this number is larger. For less space-intensive ones such as the newer segwit options, this number would be lower.
The code used in Bitcoin core to determine the dust threshold can be found here.
edited Apr 16 at 2:58
KappaDev
6091 gold badge5 silver badges19 bronze badges
answered Apr 15 at 15:15
Raghav SoodRaghav Sood
9,4812 gold badges12 silver badges29 bronze badges
I think this answer could be clarified a bit. It seems to boil down to the statement that "the dust limit is fixed at 3 satoshis per byte", which raises the question as to how this figure was selected. Also, referring to this as a "relay fee" seems misleading because no fees are collected by nodes who merely relay transactions.
– Nate Eldredge
Apr 15 at 15:31
@NateEldredge Absolutely - I'm trying to look up some sources I read ages ago on why3*relay feewas selected. As for the relay fee bit, I believe it comes from theminrelaytxfeeflag for bitcoind, which lets you control which transactions your node relays based on fee
– Raghav Sood
Apr 15 at 15:36
Wasn't it the case that dust limit was introduced to prevent creation of UTXOs whose value is lower than the cost of scriptSig to spend it? For a 148 byte input, scriptSig would be 107 bytes. That is ~34*3.
– Ugam Kamat
Apr 15 at 16:29
I think Ugam is right according to this.
– MCCCS
Apr 15 at 16:48
add a comment
|
The dust limit is not actually fixed, technically - it varies based on the type of output. 546 satoshis is simply the most commonly known one, for a p2pkh output. Being the longest-lived output type, I suspect some wallets/blog posts/literature might treat it as a hard coded dust limit.
As to how to arrive at 546 satoshis, we must first know what "dust" means. A dust output is an output which costs more to spend, than it is worth. In other words, an X BTC output that costs >X to spend, is a dust output. This is directly proportional to the amount of data required to spend an output, since fees in bitcoin are commonly denoted "per-byte". The more bytes you must add to your tx to spend an output, the higher its dust threshold.
A very basic tx consisting of 1 p2pkh input (~148 bytes), and 1 p2pkh output (~34 bytes) comes out to 182 bytes. The dust limit is 3 times this number (assuming a relay fee of 1 satoshi), or 182*3 = 546 sats.
For more complex txs, such as p2sh, this number is larger. For less space-intensive ones such as the newer segwit options, this number would be lower.
The code used in Bitcoin core to determine the dust threshold can be found here.
edited Apr 16 at 2:58
KappaDev
6091 gold badge5 silver badges19 bronze badges
answered Apr 15 at 15:15
Raghav SoodRaghav Sood
9,4812 gold badges12 silver badges29 bronze badges
I think this answer could be clarified a bit. It seems to boil down to the statement that "the dust limit is fixed at 3 satoshis per byte", which raises the question as to how this figure was selected. Also, referring to this as a "relay fee" seems misleading because no fees are collected by nodes who merely relay transactions.
– Nate Eldredge
Apr 15 at 15:31
@NateEldredge Absolutely - I'm trying to look up some sources I read ages ago on why3*relay feewas selected. As for the relay fee bit, I believe it comes from theminrelaytxfeeflag for bitcoind, which lets you control which transactions your node relays based on fee
– Raghav Sood
Apr 15 at 15:36
Wasn't it the case that dust limit was introduced to prevent creation of UTXOs whose value is lower than the cost of scriptSig to spend it? For a 148 byte input, scriptSig would be 107 bytes. That is ~34*3.
– Ugam Kamat
Apr 15 at 16:29
I think Ugam is right according to this.
– MCCCS
Apr 15 at 16:48
add a comment
|
The dust limit is not actually fixed, technically - it varies based on the type of output. 546 satoshis is simply the most commonly known one, for a p2pkh output. Being the longest-lived output type, I suspect some wallets/blog posts/literature might treat it as a hard coded dust limit.
As to how to arrive at 546 satoshis, we must first know what "dust" means. A dust output is an output which costs more to spend, than it is worth. In other words, an X BTC output that costs >X to spend, is a dust output. This is directly proportional to the amount of data required to spend an output, since fees in bitcoin are commonly denoted "per-byte". The more bytes you must add to your tx to spend an output, the higher its dust threshold.
A very basic tx consisting of 1 p2pkh input (~148 bytes), and 1 p2pkh output (~34 bytes) comes out to 182 bytes. The dust limit is 3 times this number (assuming a relay fee of 1 satoshi), or 182*3 = 546 sats.
For more complex txs, such as p2sh, this number is larger. For less space-intensive ones such as the newer segwit options, this number would be lower.
The code used in Bitcoin core to determine the dust threshold can be found here.
edited Apr 16 at 2:58
KappaDev
6091 gold badge5 silver badges19 bronze badges
answered Apr 15 at 15:15
Raghav SoodRaghav Sood
9,4812 gold badges12 silver badges29 bronze badges
The dust limit is not actually fixed, technically - it varies based on the type of output. 546 satoshis is simply the most commonly known one, for a p2pkh output. Being the longest-lived output type, I suspect some wallets/blog posts/literature might treat it as a hard coded dust limit.
As to how to arrive at 546 satoshis, we must first know what "dust" means. A dust output is an output which costs more to spend, than it is worth. In other words, an X BTC output that costs >X to spend, is a dust output. This is directly proportional to the amount of data required to spend an output, since fees in bitcoin are commonly denoted "per-byte". The more bytes you must add to your tx to spend an output, the higher its dust threshold.
A very basic tx consisting of 1 p2pkh input (~148 bytes), and 1 p2pkh output (~34 bytes) comes out to 182 bytes. The dust limit is 3 times this number (assuming a relay fee of 1 satoshi), or 182*3 = 546 sats.
For more complex txs, such as p2sh, this number is larger. For less space-intensive ones such as the newer segwit options, this number would be lower.
The code used in Bitcoin core to determine the dust threshold can be found here.
edited Apr 16 at 2:58
KappaDev
6091 gold badge5 silver badges19 bronze badges
answered Apr 15 at 15:15
Raghav SoodRaghav Sood
9,4812 gold badges12 silver badges29 bronze badges
edited Apr 16 at 2:58
KappaDev
6091 gold badge5 silver badges19 bronze badges
edited Apr 16 at 2:58
KappaDev
6091 gold badge5 silver badges19 bronze badges
edited Apr 16 at 2:58
KappaDev
6091 gold badge5 silver badges19 bronze badges
6091 gold badge5 silver badges19 bronze badges
answered Apr 15 at 15:15
Raghav SoodRaghav Sood
9,4812 gold badges12 silver badges29 bronze badges
answered Apr 15 at 15:15
Raghav SoodRaghav Sood
9,4812 gold badges12 silver badges29 bronze badges
answered Apr 15 at 15:15
Raghav SoodRaghav Sood
9,4812 gold badges12 silver badges29 bronze badges
9,4812 gold badges12 silver badges29 bronze badges
I think this answer could be clarified a bit. It seems to boil down to the statement that "the dust limit is fixed at 3 satoshis per byte", which raises the question as to how this figure was selected. Also, referring to this as a "relay fee" seems misleading because no fees are collected by nodes who merely relay transactions.
– Nate Eldredge
Apr 15 at 15:31
@NateEldredge Absolutely - I'm trying to look up some sources I read ages ago on why3*relay feewas selected. As for the relay fee bit, I believe it comes from theminrelaytxfeeflag for bitcoind, which lets you control which transactions your node relays based on fee
– Raghav Sood
Apr 15 at 15:36
Wasn't it the case that dust limit was introduced to prevent creation of UTXOs whose value is lower than the cost of scriptSig to spend it? For a 148 byte input, scriptSig would be 107 bytes. That is ~34*3.
– Ugam Kamat
Apr 15 at 16:29
I think Ugam is right according to this.
– MCCCS
Apr 15 at 16:48
add a comment
|
I think this answer could be clarified a bit. It seems to boil down to the statement that "the dust limit is fixed at 3 satoshis per byte", which raises the question as to how this figure was selected. Also, referring to this as a "relay fee" seems misleading because no fees are collected by nodes who merely relay transactions.
– Nate Eldredge
Apr 15 at 15:31
@NateEldredge Absolutely - I'm trying to look up some sources I read ages ago on why3*relay feewas selected. As for the relay fee bit, I believe it comes from theminrelaytxfeeflag for bitcoind, which lets you control which transactions your node relays based on fee
– Raghav Sood
Apr 15 at 15:36
Wasn't it the case that dust limit was introduced to prevent creation of UTXOs whose value is lower than the cost of scriptSig to spend it? For a 148 byte input, scriptSig would be 107 bytes. That is ~34*3.
– Ugam Kamat
Apr 15 at 16:29
I think Ugam is right according to this.
– MCCCS
Apr 15 at 16:48
I think this answer could be clarified a bit. It seems to boil down to the statement that "the dust limit is fixed at 3 satoshis per byte", which raises the question as to how this figure was selected. Also, referring to this as a "relay fee" seems misleading because no fees are collected by nodes who merely relay transactions.
– Nate Eldredge
Apr 15 at 15:31
I think this answer could be clarified a bit. It seems to boil down to the statement that "the dust limit is fixed at 3 satoshis per byte", which raises the question as to how this figure was selected. Also, referring to this as a "relay fee" seems misleading because no fees are collected by nodes who merely relay transactions.
– Nate Eldredge
Apr 15 at 15:31
@NateEldredge Absolutely - I'm trying to look up some sources I read ages ago on why
3*relay fee was selected. As for the relay fee bit, I believe it comes from the minrelaytxfee flag for bitcoind, which lets you control which transactions your node relays based on fee– Raghav Sood
Apr 15 at 15:36
@NateEldredge Absolutely - I'm trying to look up some sources I read ages ago on why
3*relay fee was selected. As for the relay fee bit, I believe it comes from the minrelaytxfee flag for bitcoind, which lets you control which transactions your node relays based on fee– Raghav Sood
Apr 15 at 15:36
Wasn't it the case that dust limit was introduced to prevent creation of UTXOs whose value is lower than the cost of scriptSig to spend it? For a 148 byte input, scriptSig would be 107 bytes. That is ~34*3.
– Ugam Kamat
Apr 15 at 16:29
Wasn't it the case that dust limit was introduced to prevent creation of UTXOs whose value is lower than the cost of scriptSig to spend it? For a 148 byte input, scriptSig would be 107 bytes. That is ~34*3.
– Ugam Kamat
Apr 15 at 16:29
I think Ugam is right according to this.
– MCCCS
Apr 15 at 16:48
I think Ugam is right according to this.
– MCCCS
Apr 15 at 16:48
add a comment
|
Bitcoin core sets the dust limit to a value where spending an output would exceed 1/3 of its value. This calculation is based on the node's setting for the minimum relay transaction fee (see option -minrelaytxfee) whose default is 0.00001 BTC/KB. Any transaction with a fee less than that does not get relayed by the node i.e. is dropped from its mempool.
For a node that uses the default -minrelaytxfee of 0.00001 BTC/KB (1000 satoshis/KB) and given that for P2PKH an input is 148 bytes and an output is 34 bytes, it follows that an output less than or equal to 546 satoshis is considered dust according to Bicoin core.
Reference: What is meant by Bitcoin dust?
answered Apr 15 at 16:55
Thalis K.Thalis K.
2162 silver badges7 bronze badges
add a comment
|
Bitcoin core sets the dust limit to a value where spending an output would exceed 1/3 of its value. This calculation is based on the node's setting for the minimum relay transaction fee (see option -minrelaytxfee) whose default is 0.00001 BTC/KB. Any transaction with a fee less than that does not get relayed by the node i.e. is dropped from its mempool.
For a node that uses the default -minrelaytxfee of 0.00001 BTC/KB (1000 satoshis/KB) and given that for P2PKH an input is 148 bytes and an output is 34 bytes, it follows that an output less than or equal to 546 satoshis is considered dust according to Bicoin core.
Reference: What is meant by Bitcoin dust?
answered Apr 15 at 16:55
Thalis K.Thalis K.
2162 silver badges7 bronze badges
add a comment
|
Bitcoin core sets the dust limit to a value where spending an output would exceed 1/3 of its value. This calculation is based on the node's setting for the minimum relay transaction fee (see option -minrelaytxfee) whose default is 0.00001 BTC/KB. Any transaction with a fee less than that does not get relayed by the node i.e. is dropped from its mempool.
For a node that uses the default -minrelaytxfee of 0.00001 BTC/KB (1000 satoshis/KB) and given that for P2PKH an input is 148 bytes and an output is 34 bytes, it follows that an output less than or equal to 546 satoshis is considered dust according to Bicoin core.
Reference: What is meant by Bitcoin dust?
answered Apr 15 at 16:55
Thalis K.Thalis K.
2162 silver badges7 bronze badges
Bitcoin core sets the dust limit to a value where spending an output would exceed 1/3 of its value. This calculation is based on the node's setting for the minimum relay transaction fee (see option -minrelaytxfee) whose default is 0.00001 BTC/KB. Any transaction with a fee less than that does not get relayed by the node i.e. is dropped from its mempool.
For a node that uses the default -minrelaytxfee of 0.00001 BTC/KB (1000 satoshis/KB) and given that for P2PKH an input is 148 bytes and an output is 34 bytes, it follows that an output less than or equal to 546 satoshis is considered dust according to Bicoin core.
Reference: What is meant by Bitcoin dust?
answered Apr 15 at 16:55
Thalis K.Thalis K.
2162 silver badges7 bronze badges
answered Apr 15 at 16:55
Thalis K.Thalis K.
2162 silver badges7 bronze badges
answered Apr 15 at 16:55
Thalis K.Thalis K.
2162 silver badges7 bronze badges
answered Apr 15 at 16:55
Thalis K.Thalis K.
2162 silver badges7 bronze badges
2162 silver badges7 bronze badges
add a comment
|
add a comment
|
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