Accounting for intervals not present within the chord ratio?What are the notes in a 11th chord?Why does the Hendrix E7#9 chord sound good?What is a chord consisting of Root, 9th and 11th called?Chord construction using the minor scaleUsing intervals to build chordsHow are chord ratios developed exactly?Harmonic series role in a just intonation interval ranking?

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Accounting for intervals not present within the chord ratio?


What are the notes in a 11th chord?Why does the Hendrix E7#9 chord sound good?What is a chord consisting of Root, 9th and 11th called?Chord construction using the minor scaleUsing intervals to build chordsHow are chord ratios developed exactly?Harmonic series role in a just intonation interval ranking?






.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty
margin-bottom:0;









2


















Here are a selection of chord ratios..



Minor Chord - 10:12:15



Root (1:1) - Major 3rd (4:5) - Perfect 5th (2:3)



Major 7th Chord - 8:10:12:15



Root (1:1) - Major 3rd (4:5) - Perfect 5th (2:3) - Major 7th (8:15)



Major 9th Chord - 8:10:12:15:18



Root (1:1) - Major 3rd (4:5) - Perfect 5th (2:3) - Major 2nd (8:9) - Major 9th (8:18/4:9)



------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



If we look at the Major 7th Chord.. according to the chord ratios, it holds the intervals Major 3rd, Perfect 5th and Major 7th.



But yet, there are more intervals within the Major 7th chord than what the chord ratio 8:10:12:15 represents. The intervals are the following..



  • Major 3rd - C - E - (4:5)

  • Perfect 5th - C - G - (2:3)

  • Major 7th - C - B - (8:15)

  • Minor 3rd - E - G - (5:6)

  • Perfect 5th - E - B (2:3)

  • Major 3rd - G - B - (4:5)

With those additional intervals above not being included in the chord ratio, does that make the chord ratio inaccurate given that the Major 7th chord holds a Minor 3rd which is not accounted for in the ratio or if not, where are these additional ratios within the chord ratio equation?



Also, there are duplicates of the Major 3rd and Perfect 5th. Does that make the chord that much more dissonant as opposed to if there were only 1 Major 3rd and Perfect 5th and not duplicates?



Many thanks guys!










share|improve this question






















  • 2





    You may be interested in Paul Hindemith's "The Craft of Musical Composition", in which he apparently "classifies chords based on the intervals in the chords and then classifies these categories into different levels of consonance/dissonance (...) to analyze tension/release." See youtube.com/watch?v=bCnBRJRE_lM&t=42s

    – Your Uncle Bob
    Oct 1 at 2:30











  • Thanks Bob, i checked out the video. The guy said he had trouble finishing the book as it was rather complex and so for someone with my level of technical knowledge, i don't know how beneficial it'll be but ill check out the book and see if it proves to be useful.

    – Seery
    Oct 1 at 2:55






  • 3





    Same problems with the humble major and minor triads, Major has M3, P5 and m3. Minor has m3, P5 and M3. Which tantalisingly, are the same intervals as each other, just 'not in the right order' (Eric Morecombe). And what about if there was an octave of the root? That then gives an extra interval of P4.

    – Tim
    Oct 1 at 9:31






  • 2





    Not really - as my rating of consonance/dissonance is different from that of others.

    – Tim
    Oct 1 at 10:25






  • 1





    From listening. The maths doesn't mean a lot to me - and numbers can be manipulated to mean many things! So, purely from a musical angle, which I know doesn't help your cause a lot.

    – Tim
    Oct 1 at 10:40

















2


















Here are a selection of chord ratios..



Minor Chord - 10:12:15



Root (1:1) - Major 3rd (4:5) - Perfect 5th (2:3)



Major 7th Chord - 8:10:12:15



Root (1:1) - Major 3rd (4:5) - Perfect 5th (2:3) - Major 7th (8:15)



Major 9th Chord - 8:10:12:15:18



Root (1:1) - Major 3rd (4:5) - Perfect 5th (2:3) - Major 2nd (8:9) - Major 9th (8:18/4:9)



------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



If we look at the Major 7th Chord.. according to the chord ratios, it holds the intervals Major 3rd, Perfect 5th and Major 7th.



But yet, there are more intervals within the Major 7th chord than what the chord ratio 8:10:12:15 represents. The intervals are the following..



  • Major 3rd - C - E - (4:5)

  • Perfect 5th - C - G - (2:3)

  • Major 7th - C - B - (8:15)

  • Minor 3rd - E - G - (5:6)

  • Perfect 5th - E - B (2:3)

  • Major 3rd - G - B - (4:5)

With those additional intervals above not being included in the chord ratio, does that make the chord ratio inaccurate given that the Major 7th chord holds a Minor 3rd which is not accounted for in the ratio or if not, where are these additional ratios within the chord ratio equation?



Also, there are duplicates of the Major 3rd and Perfect 5th. Does that make the chord that much more dissonant as opposed to if there were only 1 Major 3rd and Perfect 5th and not duplicates?



Many thanks guys!










share|improve this question






















  • 2





    You may be interested in Paul Hindemith's "The Craft of Musical Composition", in which he apparently "classifies chords based on the intervals in the chords and then classifies these categories into different levels of consonance/dissonance (...) to analyze tension/release." See youtube.com/watch?v=bCnBRJRE_lM&t=42s

    – Your Uncle Bob
    Oct 1 at 2:30











  • Thanks Bob, i checked out the video. The guy said he had trouble finishing the book as it was rather complex and so for someone with my level of technical knowledge, i don't know how beneficial it'll be but ill check out the book and see if it proves to be useful.

    – Seery
    Oct 1 at 2:55






  • 3





    Same problems with the humble major and minor triads, Major has M3, P5 and m3. Minor has m3, P5 and M3. Which tantalisingly, are the same intervals as each other, just 'not in the right order' (Eric Morecombe). And what about if there was an octave of the root? That then gives an extra interval of P4.

    – Tim
    Oct 1 at 9:31






  • 2





    Not really - as my rating of consonance/dissonance is different from that of others.

    – Tim
    Oct 1 at 10:25






  • 1





    From listening. The maths doesn't mean a lot to me - and numbers can be manipulated to mean many things! So, purely from a musical angle, which I know doesn't help your cause a lot.

    – Tim
    Oct 1 at 10:40













2













2









2


1






Here are a selection of chord ratios..



Minor Chord - 10:12:15



Root (1:1) - Major 3rd (4:5) - Perfect 5th (2:3)



Major 7th Chord - 8:10:12:15



Root (1:1) - Major 3rd (4:5) - Perfect 5th (2:3) - Major 7th (8:15)



Major 9th Chord - 8:10:12:15:18



Root (1:1) - Major 3rd (4:5) - Perfect 5th (2:3) - Major 2nd (8:9) - Major 9th (8:18/4:9)



------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



If we look at the Major 7th Chord.. according to the chord ratios, it holds the intervals Major 3rd, Perfect 5th and Major 7th.



But yet, there are more intervals within the Major 7th chord than what the chord ratio 8:10:12:15 represents. The intervals are the following..



  • Major 3rd - C - E - (4:5)

  • Perfect 5th - C - G - (2:3)

  • Major 7th - C - B - (8:15)

  • Minor 3rd - E - G - (5:6)

  • Perfect 5th - E - B (2:3)

  • Major 3rd - G - B - (4:5)

With those additional intervals above not being included in the chord ratio, does that make the chord ratio inaccurate given that the Major 7th chord holds a Minor 3rd which is not accounted for in the ratio or if not, where are these additional ratios within the chord ratio equation?



Also, there are duplicates of the Major 3rd and Perfect 5th. Does that make the chord that much more dissonant as opposed to if there were only 1 Major 3rd and Perfect 5th and not duplicates?



Many thanks guys!










share|improve this question
















Here are a selection of chord ratios..



Minor Chord - 10:12:15



Root (1:1) - Major 3rd (4:5) - Perfect 5th (2:3)



Major 7th Chord - 8:10:12:15



Root (1:1) - Major 3rd (4:5) - Perfect 5th (2:3) - Major 7th (8:15)



Major 9th Chord - 8:10:12:15:18



Root (1:1) - Major 3rd (4:5) - Perfect 5th (2:3) - Major 2nd (8:9) - Major 9th (8:18/4:9)



------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



If we look at the Major 7th Chord.. according to the chord ratios, it holds the intervals Major 3rd, Perfect 5th and Major 7th.



But yet, there are more intervals within the Major 7th chord than what the chord ratio 8:10:12:15 represents. The intervals are the following..



  • Major 3rd - C - E - (4:5)

  • Perfect 5th - C - G - (2:3)

  • Major 7th - C - B - (8:15)

  • Minor 3rd - E - G - (5:6)

  • Perfect 5th - E - B (2:3)

  • Major 3rd - G - B - (4:5)

With those additional intervals above not being included in the chord ratio, does that make the chord ratio inaccurate given that the Major 7th chord holds a Minor 3rd which is not accounted for in the ratio or if not, where are these additional ratios within the chord ratio equation?



Also, there are duplicates of the Major 3rd and Perfect 5th. Does that make the chord that much more dissonant as opposed to if there were only 1 Major 3rd and Perfect 5th and not duplicates?



Many thanks guys!







chords intervals acoustics






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited Oct 1 at 2:26









Dom

42.6k20 gold badges122 silver badges242 bronze badges




42.6k20 gold badges122 silver badges242 bronze badges










asked Oct 1 at 0:02









SeerySeery

1,0712 silver badges12 bronze badges




1,0712 silver badges12 bronze badges










  • 2





    You may be interested in Paul Hindemith's "The Craft of Musical Composition", in which he apparently "classifies chords based on the intervals in the chords and then classifies these categories into different levels of consonance/dissonance (...) to analyze tension/release." See youtube.com/watch?v=bCnBRJRE_lM&t=42s

    – Your Uncle Bob
    Oct 1 at 2:30











  • Thanks Bob, i checked out the video. The guy said he had trouble finishing the book as it was rather complex and so for someone with my level of technical knowledge, i don't know how beneficial it'll be but ill check out the book and see if it proves to be useful.

    – Seery
    Oct 1 at 2:55






  • 3





    Same problems with the humble major and minor triads, Major has M3, P5 and m3. Minor has m3, P5 and M3. Which tantalisingly, are the same intervals as each other, just 'not in the right order' (Eric Morecombe). And what about if there was an octave of the root? That then gives an extra interval of P4.

    – Tim
    Oct 1 at 9:31






  • 2





    Not really - as my rating of consonance/dissonance is different from that of others.

    – Tim
    Oct 1 at 10:25






  • 1





    From listening. The maths doesn't mean a lot to me - and numbers can be manipulated to mean many things! So, purely from a musical angle, which I know doesn't help your cause a lot.

    – Tim
    Oct 1 at 10:40












  • 2





    You may be interested in Paul Hindemith's "The Craft of Musical Composition", in which he apparently "classifies chords based on the intervals in the chords and then classifies these categories into different levels of consonance/dissonance (...) to analyze tension/release." See youtube.com/watch?v=bCnBRJRE_lM&t=42s

    – Your Uncle Bob
    Oct 1 at 2:30











  • Thanks Bob, i checked out the video. The guy said he had trouble finishing the book as it was rather complex and so for someone with my level of technical knowledge, i don't know how beneficial it'll be but ill check out the book and see if it proves to be useful.

    – Seery
    Oct 1 at 2:55






  • 3





    Same problems with the humble major and minor triads, Major has M3, P5 and m3. Minor has m3, P5 and M3. Which tantalisingly, are the same intervals as each other, just 'not in the right order' (Eric Morecombe). And what about if there was an octave of the root? That then gives an extra interval of P4.

    – Tim
    Oct 1 at 9:31






  • 2





    Not really - as my rating of consonance/dissonance is different from that of others.

    – Tim
    Oct 1 at 10:25






  • 1





    From listening. The maths doesn't mean a lot to me - and numbers can be manipulated to mean many things! So, purely from a musical angle, which I know doesn't help your cause a lot.

    – Tim
    Oct 1 at 10:40







2




2





You may be interested in Paul Hindemith's "The Craft of Musical Composition", in which he apparently "classifies chords based on the intervals in the chords and then classifies these categories into different levels of consonance/dissonance (...) to analyze tension/release." See youtube.com/watch?v=bCnBRJRE_lM&t=42s

– Your Uncle Bob
Oct 1 at 2:30





You may be interested in Paul Hindemith's "The Craft of Musical Composition", in which he apparently "classifies chords based on the intervals in the chords and then classifies these categories into different levels of consonance/dissonance (...) to analyze tension/release." See youtube.com/watch?v=bCnBRJRE_lM&t=42s

– Your Uncle Bob
Oct 1 at 2:30













Thanks Bob, i checked out the video. The guy said he had trouble finishing the book as it was rather complex and so for someone with my level of technical knowledge, i don't know how beneficial it'll be but ill check out the book and see if it proves to be useful.

– Seery
Oct 1 at 2:55





Thanks Bob, i checked out the video. The guy said he had trouble finishing the book as it was rather complex and so for someone with my level of technical knowledge, i don't know how beneficial it'll be but ill check out the book and see if it proves to be useful.

– Seery
Oct 1 at 2:55




3




3





Same problems with the humble major and minor triads, Major has M3, P5 and m3. Minor has m3, P5 and M3. Which tantalisingly, are the same intervals as each other, just 'not in the right order' (Eric Morecombe). And what about if there was an octave of the root? That then gives an extra interval of P4.

– Tim
Oct 1 at 9:31





Same problems with the humble major and minor triads, Major has M3, P5 and m3. Minor has m3, P5 and M3. Which tantalisingly, are the same intervals as each other, just 'not in the right order' (Eric Morecombe). And what about if there was an octave of the root? That then gives an extra interval of P4.

– Tim
Oct 1 at 9:31




2




2





Not really - as my rating of consonance/dissonance is different from that of others.

– Tim
Oct 1 at 10:25





Not really - as my rating of consonance/dissonance is different from that of others.

– Tim
Oct 1 at 10:25




1




1





From listening. The maths doesn't mean a lot to me - and numbers can be manipulated to mean many things! So, purely from a musical angle, which I know doesn't help your cause a lot.

– Tim
Oct 1 at 10:40





From listening. The maths doesn't mean a lot to me - and numbers can be manipulated to mean many things! So, purely from a musical angle, which I know doesn't help your cause a lot.

– Tim
Oct 1 at 10:40










3 Answers
3






active

oldest

votes


















9




















where are these additional ratios within the chord ratio equation?




They're right there, almost in plain sight - all you have to do is simplify the numbers:



Major 3rd - C - E - (4:5) = 8:10:12:15

Perfect 5th - C - G - (2:3) = 8:10:12:15

Major 7th - C - B - (8:15) = 8:10:12:15

Minor 3rd - E - G - (5:6) = 8:10:12:15

Perfect 5th - E - B (2:3) = 8:10:12:15

Major 3rd - G - B - (4:5) = 8:10:12:15



In the first row, 8:10 simplifies to 4:5; in the second row, 8:12 simplified is 2:3, and so on.




Also, there are duplicates of the Major 3rd and Perfect 5th. Does that make the chord that much more dissonant as opposed to if there were only 1 Major 3rd and Perfect 5th and not duplicates?




You should consider each occurrence of each interval, rather than regard them as 'duplicates'. Nevertheless, that doesn't mean that each occurrence of each interval makes the chord more dissonant; an interval that is less dissonant than the average for the interval relationships in the chord is arguably making the chord more consonant.






share|improve this answer

























  • "They're right there, almost in plain sight - all you have to do is simplify the numbers." Thanks for clearing this up. It's just that when i add up all the interval ratios with the formula provided by WillRoss1 to produce a chord ratio, i don't think the chord ratio added up. "You should consider each occurrence of each interval, rather than regard them as 'duplicates'." So basically what you mean is not to look at the interval per say but more so the note to note relationship. (Probably not the best way of explaining my point). Thank you!

    – Seery
    Oct 1 at 3:03






  • 1





    Would the consonance/dissonance be different in different temperaments? Or is all this based on 12tet?

    – Tim
    Oct 1 at 9:33






  • 1





    @Tim they're in just intonation. In 12TET the ratios are not nice and clean plain numbers, apart from the octave. The major triad in 12TET is approximately 1:1.25992:1.49831. In 12TET the numbers are simple(ish) only when written as fractional powers of 2, for example 1:2^(4/12):2^(7/12).

    – piiperi Reinstate Monica
    Oct 1 at 11:37



















4



















In general, older (like pre 1000AD theorists) counted only intervals from the bass. Thus, a major chord has the ration 4:5:6. This is enough to calculate other ratios though. The musical reason is that intervals against the bass supposedly (I think so too) show up stronger than against other voices. (Thus the dissonance of the fourth against the bass as opposed to the consonance against the alto in the 64 vs 63 chords.)






share|improve this answer




















  • 2





    Before 1000? As far as I'm aware, triads came about somewhat later, and there is considerable evidence that Pythagorean tuning continued for five centuries or so, in which the major triad is 64:81:96. That is, the major third was a dissonant interval.

    – phoog
    Oct 1 at 4:27



















2




















I'll call these other intervals: imaginary intervals




Where are these additional ratios within the chord ratio equation?



With the ratios 8:10:12:15, it does contain the imaginary interval ratios. As every number is a ratio to each other. For example if you had 5 bananas to 3 apples to 4 pears, there would be the ratios 5 bananas : 3 apples and 5 bananas to 4 pears while still having the ratio 3 apples to 4 pears.



Therefore while the aforementioned, 8:10:12:15 has ratios 8:10 (4:5), 8:12 (2:3) and 8:15. It also has the ratios between the other non root numbers like 10:12 (5:6), 10:15 (2:3) and 12:15 (4:5).



Does these imaginary intervals makes the chord more dissonant or consonant?



This question will always have a vague answer. The inter-ratios or imaginary intervals are not really specific to a chord. For example, for the major triad and minor triad have the same intervals when considering the "inbetween intervals" (Maj 3rd, Min 3rd and P5). So if we judge by a chord is as dissonant as its imaginary intervals then the minor triad and major triad would be the same dissonance.



However, potentially a better approach to this is to considered these imaginary intervals as less weighted - but this deals with the issue of subjectivity. You can't approach this and answer this question without making assumptions.






share|improve this answer

























  • The first part of your answer was stupendous, cheers. Yes, the Maj and Min chord share the same intervals, so just out of curiosity.. Although the Maj and Min hold the same intervals, is the reason that the Minor chord is more dissonant because the more dissonant of the 2 intervals (Minor 3rd) is "further down" the octave than the Major 3rd interval and lower octave pitches are known to be harmonically heavier?

    – Seery
    Oct 1 at 3:10






  • 1





    @Seery Its difficult to say. Lower pitches aren't more dissonance in just intonation (to a certain extent). Generally wider intervals make the actual interval more ambiguous in terms of dissonance (similarily if you played a note very quickly its harder to tell its dissonance), so it doesn't feel as dissonant but also doesn't feel as consonant. Also, with chords the root intervals is generally the strongest interval, that is why I suggested weighted the other imaginary interval less. So Major triad has a strong M3 and P5 with a weak m3 and minor triad has a strong m3 and P5 with a weak M3.

    – Vitulus
    Oct 1 at 9:07












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3 Answers
3






active

oldest

votes








3 Answers
3






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









9




















where are these additional ratios within the chord ratio equation?




They're right there, almost in plain sight - all you have to do is simplify the numbers:



Major 3rd - C - E - (4:5) = 8:10:12:15

Perfect 5th - C - G - (2:3) = 8:10:12:15

Major 7th - C - B - (8:15) = 8:10:12:15

Minor 3rd - E - G - (5:6) = 8:10:12:15

Perfect 5th - E - B (2:3) = 8:10:12:15

Major 3rd - G - B - (4:5) = 8:10:12:15



In the first row, 8:10 simplifies to 4:5; in the second row, 8:12 simplified is 2:3, and so on.




Also, there are duplicates of the Major 3rd and Perfect 5th. Does that make the chord that much more dissonant as opposed to if there were only 1 Major 3rd and Perfect 5th and not duplicates?




You should consider each occurrence of each interval, rather than regard them as 'duplicates'. Nevertheless, that doesn't mean that each occurrence of each interval makes the chord more dissonant; an interval that is less dissonant than the average for the interval relationships in the chord is arguably making the chord more consonant.






share|improve this answer

























  • "They're right there, almost in plain sight - all you have to do is simplify the numbers." Thanks for clearing this up. It's just that when i add up all the interval ratios with the formula provided by WillRoss1 to produce a chord ratio, i don't think the chord ratio added up. "You should consider each occurrence of each interval, rather than regard them as 'duplicates'." So basically what you mean is not to look at the interval per say but more so the note to note relationship. (Probably not the best way of explaining my point). Thank you!

    – Seery
    Oct 1 at 3:03






  • 1





    Would the consonance/dissonance be different in different temperaments? Or is all this based on 12tet?

    – Tim
    Oct 1 at 9:33






  • 1





    @Tim they're in just intonation. In 12TET the ratios are not nice and clean plain numbers, apart from the octave. The major triad in 12TET is approximately 1:1.25992:1.49831. In 12TET the numbers are simple(ish) only when written as fractional powers of 2, for example 1:2^(4/12):2^(7/12).

    – piiperi Reinstate Monica
    Oct 1 at 11:37
















9




















where are these additional ratios within the chord ratio equation?




They're right there, almost in plain sight - all you have to do is simplify the numbers:



Major 3rd - C - E - (4:5) = 8:10:12:15

Perfect 5th - C - G - (2:3) = 8:10:12:15

Major 7th - C - B - (8:15) = 8:10:12:15

Minor 3rd - E - G - (5:6) = 8:10:12:15

Perfect 5th - E - B (2:3) = 8:10:12:15

Major 3rd - G - B - (4:5) = 8:10:12:15



In the first row, 8:10 simplifies to 4:5; in the second row, 8:12 simplified is 2:3, and so on.




Also, there are duplicates of the Major 3rd and Perfect 5th. Does that make the chord that much more dissonant as opposed to if there were only 1 Major 3rd and Perfect 5th and not duplicates?




You should consider each occurrence of each interval, rather than regard them as 'duplicates'. Nevertheless, that doesn't mean that each occurrence of each interval makes the chord more dissonant; an interval that is less dissonant than the average for the interval relationships in the chord is arguably making the chord more consonant.






share|improve this answer

























  • "They're right there, almost in plain sight - all you have to do is simplify the numbers." Thanks for clearing this up. It's just that when i add up all the interval ratios with the formula provided by WillRoss1 to produce a chord ratio, i don't think the chord ratio added up. "You should consider each occurrence of each interval, rather than regard them as 'duplicates'." So basically what you mean is not to look at the interval per say but more so the note to note relationship. (Probably not the best way of explaining my point). Thank you!

    – Seery
    Oct 1 at 3:03






  • 1





    Would the consonance/dissonance be different in different temperaments? Or is all this based on 12tet?

    – Tim
    Oct 1 at 9:33






  • 1





    @Tim they're in just intonation. In 12TET the ratios are not nice and clean plain numbers, apart from the octave. The major triad in 12TET is approximately 1:1.25992:1.49831. In 12TET the numbers are simple(ish) only when written as fractional powers of 2, for example 1:2^(4/12):2^(7/12).

    – piiperi Reinstate Monica
    Oct 1 at 11:37














9















9











9










where are these additional ratios within the chord ratio equation?




They're right there, almost in plain sight - all you have to do is simplify the numbers:



Major 3rd - C - E - (4:5) = 8:10:12:15

Perfect 5th - C - G - (2:3) = 8:10:12:15

Major 7th - C - B - (8:15) = 8:10:12:15

Minor 3rd - E - G - (5:6) = 8:10:12:15

Perfect 5th - E - B (2:3) = 8:10:12:15

Major 3rd - G - B - (4:5) = 8:10:12:15



In the first row, 8:10 simplifies to 4:5; in the second row, 8:12 simplified is 2:3, and so on.




Also, there are duplicates of the Major 3rd and Perfect 5th. Does that make the chord that much more dissonant as opposed to if there were only 1 Major 3rd and Perfect 5th and not duplicates?




You should consider each occurrence of each interval, rather than regard them as 'duplicates'. Nevertheless, that doesn't mean that each occurrence of each interval makes the chord more dissonant; an interval that is less dissonant than the average for the interval relationships in the chord is arguably making the chord more consonant.






share|improve this answer















where are these additional ratios within the chord ratio equation?




They're right there, almost in plain sight - all you have to do is simplify the numbers:



Major 3rd - C - E - (4:5) = 8:10:12:15

Perfect 5th - C - G - (2:3) = 8:10:12:15

Major 7th - C - B - (8:15) = 8:10:12:15

Minor 3rd - E - G - (5:6) = 8:10:12:15

Perfect 5th - E - B (2:3) = 8:10:12:15

Major 3rd - G - B - (4:5) = 8:10:12:15



In the first row, 8:10 simplifies to 4:5; in the second row, 8:12 simplified is 2:3, and so on.




Also, there are duplicates of the Major 3rd and Perfect 5th. Does that make the chord that much more dissonant as opposed to if there were only 1 Major 3rd and Perfect 5th and not duplicates?




You should consider each occurrence of each interval, rather than regard them as 'duplicates'. Nevertheless, that doesn't mean that each occurrence of each interval makes the chord more dissonant; an interval that is less dissonant than the average for the interval relationships in the chord is arguably making the chord more consonant.







share|improve this answer













share|improve this answer




share|improve this answer










answered Oct 1 at 0:19









topo Reinstate Monicatopo Reinstate Monica

36.4k3 gold badges55 silver badges133 bronze badges




36.4k3 gold badges55 silver badges133 bronze badges















  • "They're right there, almost in plain sight - all you have to do is simplify the numbers." Thanks for clearing this up. It's just that when i add up all the interval ratios with the formula provided by WillRoss1 to produce a chord ratio, i don't think the chord ratio added up. "You should consider each occurrence of each interval, rather than regard them as 'duplicates'." So basically what you mean is not to look at the interval per say but more so the note to note relationship. (Probably not the best way of explaining my point). Thank you!

    – Seery
    Oct 1 at 3:03






  • 1





    Would the consonance/dissonance be different in different temperaments? Or is all this based on 12tet?

    – Tim
    Oct 1 at 9:33






  • 1





    @Tim they're in just intonation. In 12TET the ratios are not nice and clean plain numbers, apart from the octave. The major triad in 12TET is approximately 1:1.25992:1.49831. In 12TET the numbers are simple(ish) only when written as fractional powers of 2, for example 1:2^(4/12):2^(7/12).

    – piiperi Reinstate Monica
    Oct 1 at 11:37


















  • "They're right there, almost in plain sight - all you have to do is simplify the numbers." Thanks for clearing this up. It's just that when i add up all the interval ratios with the formula provided by WillRoss1 to produce a chord ratio, i don't think the chord ratio added up. "You should consider each occurrence of each interval, rather than regard them as 'duplicates'." So basically what you mean is not to look at the interval per say but more so the note to note relationship. (Probably not the best way of explaining my point). Thank you!

    – Seery
    Oct 1 at 3:03






  • 1





    Would the consonance/dissonance be different in different temperaments? Or is all this based on 12tet?

    – Tim
    Oct 1 at 9:33






  • 1





    @Tim they're in just intonation. In 12TET the ratios are not nice and clean plain numbers, apart from the octave. The major triad in 12TET is approximately 1:1.25992:1.49831. In 12TET the numbers are simple(ish) only when written as fractional powers of 2, for example 1:2^(4/12):2^(7/12).

    – piiperi Reinstate Monica
    Oct 1 at 11:37

















"They're right there, almost in plain sight - all you have to do is simplify the numbers." Thanks for clearing this up. It's just that when i add up all the interval ratios with the formula provided by WillRoss1 to produce a chord ratio, i don't think the chord ratio added up. "You should consider each occurrence of each interval, rather than regard them as 'duplicates'." So basically what you mean is not to look at the interval per say but more so the note to note relationship. (Probably not the best way of explaining my point). Thank you!

– Seery
Oct 1 at 3:03





"They're right there, almost in plain sight - all you have to do is simplify the numbers." Thanks for clearing this up. It's just that when i add up all the interval ratios with the formula provided by WillRoss1 to produce a chord ratio, i don't think the chord ratio added up. "You should consider each occurrence of each interval, rather than regard them as 'duplicates'." So basically what you mean is not to look at the interval per say but more so the note to note relationship. (Probably not the best way of explaining my point). Thank you!

– Seery
Oct 1 at 3:03




1




1





Would the consonance/dissonance be different in different temperaments? Or is all this based on 12tet?

– Tim
Oct 1 at 9:33





Would the consonance/dissonance be different in different temperaments? Or is all this based on 12tet?

– Tim
Oct 1 at 9:33




1




1





@Tim they're in just intonation. In 12TET the ratios are not nice and clean plain numbers, apart from the octave. The major triad in 12TET is approximately 1:1.25992:1.49831. In 12TET the numbers are simple(ish) only when written as fractional powers of 2, for example 1:2^(4/12):2^(7/12).

– piiperi Reinstate Monica
Oct 1 at 11:37






@Tim they're in just intonation. In 12TET the ratios are not nice and clean plain numbers, apart from the octave. The major triad in 12TET is approximately 1:1.25992:1.49831. In 12TET the numbers are simple(ish) only when written as fractional powers of 2, for example 1:2^(4/12):2^(7/12).

– piiperi Reinstate Monica
Oct 1 at 11:37














4



















In general, older (like pre 1000AD theorists) counted only intervals from the bass. Thus, a major chord has the ration 4:5:6. This is enough to calculate other ratios though. The musical reason is that intervals against the bass supposedly (I think so too) show up stronger than against other voices. (Thus the dissonance of the fourth against the bass as opposed to the consonance against the alto in the 64 vs 63 chords.)






share|improve this answer




















  • 2





    Before 1000? As far as I'm aware, triads came about somewhat later, and there is considerable evidence that Pythagorean tuning continued for five centuries or so, in which the major triad is 64:81:96. That is, the major third was a dissonant interval.

    – phoog
    Oct 1 at 4:27
















4



















In general, older (like pre 1000AD theorists) counted only intervals from the bass. Thus, a major chord has the ration 4:5:6. This is enough to calculate other ratios though. The musical reason is that intervals against the bass supposedly (I think so too) show up stronger than against other voices. (Thus the dissonance of the fourth against the bass as opposed to the consonance against the alto in the 64 vs 63 chords.)






share|improve this answer




















  • 2





    Before 1000? As far as I'm aware, triads came about somewhat later, and there is considerable evidence that Pythagorean tuning continued for five centuries or so, in which the major triad is 64:81:96. That is, the major third was a dissonant interval.

    – phoog
    Oct 1 at 4:27














4















4











4









In general, older (like pre 1000AD theorists) counted only intervals from the bass. Thus, a major chord has the ration 4:5:6. This is enough to calculate other ratios though. The musical reason is that intervals against the bass supposedly (I think so too) show up stronger than against other voices. (Thus the dissonance of the fourth against the bass as opposed to the consonance against the alto in the 64 vs 63 chords.)






share|improve this answer














In general, older (like pre 1000AD theorists) counted only intervals from the bass. Thus, a major chord has the ration 4:5:6. This is enough to calculate other ratios though. The musical reason is that intervals against the bass supposedly (I think so too) show up stronger than against other voices. (Thus the dissonance of the fourth against the bass as opposed to the consonance against the alto in the 64 vs 63 chords.)







share|improve this answer













share|improve this answer




share|improve this answer










answered Oct 1 at 0:48









ttwttw

12.8k13 silver badges44 bronze badges




12.8k13 silver badges44 bronze badges










  • 2





    Before 1000? As far as I'm aware, triads came about somewhat later, and there is considerable evidence that Pythagorean tuning continued for five centuries or so, in which the major triad is 64:81:96. That is, the major third was a dissonant interval.

    – phoog
    Oct 1 at 4:27













  • 2





    Before 1000? As far as I'm aware, triads came about somewhat later, and there is considerable evidence that Pythagorean tuning continued for five centuries or so, in which the major triad is 64:81:96. That is, the major third was a dissonant interval.

    – phoog
    Oct 1 at 4:27








2




2





Before 1000? As far as I'm aware, triads came about somewhat later, and there is considerable evidence that Pythagorean tuning continued for five centuries or so, in which the major triad is 64:81:96. That is, the major third was a dissonant interval.

– phoog
Oct 1 at 4:27






Before 1000? As far as I'm aware, triads came about somewhat later, and there is considerable evidence that Pythagorean tuning continued for five centuries or so, in which the major triad is 64:81:96. That is, the major third was a dissonant interval.

– phoog
Oct 1 at 4:27












2




















I'll call these other intervals: imaginary intervals




Where are these additional ratios within the chord ratio equation?



With the ratios 8:10:12:15, it does contain the imaginary interval ratios. As every number is a ratio to each other. For example if you had 5 bananas to 3 apples to 4 pears, there would be the ratios 5 bananas : 3 apples and 5 bananas to 4 pears while still having the ratio 3 apples to 4 pears.



Therefore while the aforementioned, 8:10:12:15 has ratios 8:10 (4:5), 8:12 (2:3) and 8:15. It also has the ratios between the other non root numbers like 10:12 (5:6), 10:15 (2:3) and 12:15 (4:5).



Does these imaginary intervals makes the chord more dissonant or consonant?



This question will always have a vague answer. The inter-ratios or imaginary intervals are not really specific to a chord. For example, for the major triad and minor triad have the same intervals when considering the "inbetween intervals" (Maj 3rd, Min 3rd and P5). So if we judge by a chord is as dissonant as its imaginary intervals then the minor triad and major triad would be the same dissonance.



However, potentially a better approach to this is to considered these imaginary intervals as less weighted - but this deals with the issue of subjectivity. You can't approach this and answer this question without making assumptions.






share|improve this answer

























  • The first part of your answer was stupendous, cheers. Yes, the Maj and Min chord share the same intervals, so just out of curiosity.. Although the Maj and Min hold the same intervals, is the reason that the Minor chord is more dissonant because the more dissonant of the 2 intervals (Minor 3rd) is "further down" the octave than the Major 3rd interval and lower octave pitches are known to be harmonically heavier?

    – Seery
    Oct 1 at 3:10






  • 1





    @Seery Its difficult to say. Lower pitches aren't more dissonance in just intonation (to a certain extent). Generally wider intervals make the actual interval more ambiguous in terms of dissonance (similarily if you played a note very quickly its harder to tell its dissonance), so it doesn't feel as dissonant but also doesn't feel as consonant. Also, with chords the root intervals is generally the strongest interval, that is why I suggested weighted the other imaginary interval less. So Major triad has a strong M3 and P5 with a weak m3 and minor triad has a strong m3 and P5 with a weak M3.

    – Vitulus
    Oct 1 at 9:07















2




















I'll call these other intervals: imaginary intervals




Where are these additional ratios within the chord ratio equation?



With the ratios 8:10:12:15, it does contain the imaginary interval ratios. As every number is a ratio to each other. For example if you had 5 bananas to 3 apples to 4 pears, there would be the ratios 5 bananas : 3 apples and 5 bananas to 4 pears while still having the ratio 3 apples to 4 pears.



Therefore while the aforementioned, 8:10:12:15 has ratios 8:10 (4:5), 8:12 (2:3) and 8:15. It also has the ratios between the other non root numbers like 10:12 (5:6), 10:15 (2:3) and 12:15 (4:5).



Does these imaginary intervals makes the chord more dissonant or consonant?



This question will always have a vague answer. The inter-ratios or imaginary intervals are not really specific to a chord. For example, for the major triad and minor triad have the same intervals when considering the "inbetween intervals" (Maj 3rd, Min 3rd and P5). So if we judge by a chord is as dissonant as its imaginary intervals then the minor triad and major triad would be the same dissonance.



However, potentially a better approach to this is to considered these imaginary intervals as less weighted - but this deals with the issue of subjectivity. You can't approach this and answer this question without making assumptions.






share|improve this answer

























  • The first part of your answer was stupendous, cheers. Yes, the Maj and Min chord share the same intervals, so just out of curiosity.. Although the Maj and Min hold the same intervals, is the reason that the Minor chord is more dissonant because the more dissonant of the 2 intervals (Minor 3rd) is "further down" the octave than the Major 3rd interval and lower octave pitches are known to be harmonically heavier?

    – Seery
    Oct 1 at 3:10






  • 1





    @Seery Its difficult to say. Lower pitches aren't more dissonance in just intonation (to a certain extent). Generally wider intervals make the actual interval more ambiguous in terms of dissonance (similarily if you played a note very quickly its harder to tell its dissonance), so it doesn't feel as dissonant but also doesn't feel as consonant. Also, with chords the root intervals is generally the strongest interval, that is why I suggested weighted the other imaginary interval less. So Major triad has a strong M3 and P5 with a weak m3 and minor triad has a strong m3 and P5 with a weak M3.

    – Vitulus
    Oct 1 at 9:07













2















2











2










I'll call these other intervals: imaginary intervals




Where are these additional ratios within the chord ratio equation?



With the ratios 8:10:12:15, it does contain the imaginary interval ratios. As every number is a ratio to each other. For example if you had 5 bananas to 3 apples to 4 pears, there would be the ratios 5 bananas : 3 apples and 5 bananas to 4 pears while still having the ratio 3 apples to 4 pears.



Therefore while the aforementioned, 8:10:12:15 has ratios 8:10 (4:5), 8:12 (2:3) and 8:15. It also has the ratios between the other non root numbers like 10:12 (5:6), 10:15 (2:3) and 12:15 (4:5).



Does these imaginary intervals makes the chord more dissonant or consonant?



This question will always have a vague answer. The inter-ratios or imaginary intervals are not really specific to a chord. For example, for the major triad and minor triad have the same intervals when considering the "inbetween intervals" (Maj 3rd, Min 3rd and P5). So if we judge by a chord is as dissonant as its imaginary intervals then the minor triad and major triad would be the same dissonance.



However, potentially a better approach to this is to considered these imaginary intervals as less weighted - but this deals with the issue of subjectivity. You can't approach this and answer this question without making assumptions.






share|improve this answer















I'll call these other intervals: imaginary intervals




Where are these additional ratios within the chord ratio equation?



With the ratios 8:10:12:15, it does contain the imaginary interval ratios. As every number is a ratio to each other. For example if you had 5 bananas to 3 apples to 4 pears, there would be the ratios 5 bananas : 3 apples and 5 bananas to 4 pears while still having the ratio 3 apples to 4 pears.



Therefore while the aforementioned, 8:10:12:15 has ratios 8:10 (4:5), 8:12 (2:3) and 8:15. It also has the ratios between the other non root numbers like 10:12 (5:6), 10:15 (2:3) and 12:15 (4:5).



Does these imaginary intervals makes the chord more dissonant or consonant?



This question will always have a vague answer. The inter-ratios or imaginary intervals are not really specific to a chord. For example, for the major triad and minor triad have the same intervals when considering the "inbetween intervals" (Maj 3rd, Min 3rd and P5). So if we judge by a chord is as dissonant as its imaginary intervals then the minor triad and major triad would be the same dissonance.



However, potentially a better approach to this is to considered these imaginary intervals as less weighted - but this deals with the issue of subjectivity. You can't approach this and answer this question without making assumptions.







share|improve this answer













share|improve this answer




share|improve this answer










answered Oct 1 at 0:25









VitulusVitulus

2305 bronze badges




2305 bronze badges















  • The first part of your answer was stupendous, cheers. Yes, the Maj and Min chord share the same intervals, so just out of curiosity.. Although the Maj and Min hold the same intervals, is the reason that the Minor chord is more dissonant because the more dissonant of the 2 intervals (Minor 3rd) is "further down" the octave than the Major 3rd interval and lower octave pitches are known to be harmonically heavier?

    – Seery
    Oct 1 at 3:10






  • 1





    @Seery Its difficult to say. Lower pitches aren't more dissonance in just intonation (to a certain extent). Generally wider intervals make the actual interval more ambiguous in terms of dissonance (similarily if you played a note very quickly its harder to tell its dissonance), so it doesn't feel as dissonant but also doesn't feel as consonant. Also, with chords the root intervals is generally the strongest interval, that is why I suggested weighted the other imaginary interval less. So Major triad has a strong M3 and P5 with a weak m3 and minor triad has a strong m3 and P5 with a weak M3.

    – Vitulus
    Oct 1 at 9:07

















  • The first part of your answer was stupendous, cheers. Yes, the Maj and Min chord share the same intervals, so just out of curiosity.. Although the Maj and Min hold the same intervals, is the reason that the Minor chord is more dissonant because the more dissonant of the 2 intervals (Minor 3rd) is "further down" the octave than the Major 3rd interval and lower octave pitches are known to be harmonically heavier?

    – Seery
    Oct 1 at 3:10






  • 1





    @Seery Its difficult to say. Lower pitches aren't more dissonance in just intonation (to a certain extent). Generally wider intervals make the actual interval more ambiguous in terms of dissonance (similarily if you played a note very quickly its harder to tell its dissonance), so it doesn't feel as dissonant but also doesn't feel as consonant. Also, with chords the root intervals is generally the strongest interval, that is why I suggested weighted the other imaginary interval less. So Major triad has a strong M3 and P5 with a weak m3 and minor triad has a strong m3 and P5 with a weak M3.

    – Vitulus
    Oct 1 at 9:07
















The first part of your answer was stupendous, cheers. Yes, the Maj and Min chord share the same intervals, so just out of curiosity.. Although the Maj and Min hold the same intervals, is the reason that the Minor chord is more dissonant because the more dissonant of the 2 intervals (Minor 3rd) is "further down" the octave than the Major 3rd interval and lower octave pitches are known to be harmonically heavier?

– Seery
Oct 1 at 3:10





The first part of your answer was stupendous, cheers. Yes, the Maj and Min chord share the same intervals, so just out of curiosity.. Although the Maj and Min hold the same intervals, is the reason that the Minor chord is more dissonant because the more dissonant of the 2 intervals (Minor 3rd) is "further down" the octave than the Major 3rd interval and lower octave pitches are known to be harmonically heavier?

– Seery
Oct 1 at 3:10




1




1





@Seery Its difficult to say. Lower pitches aren't more dissonance in just intonation (to a certain extent). Generally wider intervals make the actual interval more ambiguous in terms of dissonance (similarily if you played a note very quickly its harder to tell its dissonance), so it doesn't feel as dissonant but also doesn't feel as consonant. Also, with chords the root intervals is generally the strongest interval, that is why I suggested weighted the other imaginary interval less. So Major triad has a strong M3 and P5 with a weak m3 and minor triad has a strong m3 and P5 with a weak M3.

– Vitulus
Oct 1 at 9:07





@Seery Its difficult to say. Lower pitches aren't more dissonance in just intonation (to a certain extent). Generally wider intervals make the actual interval more ambiguous in terms of dissonance (similarily if you played a note very quickly its harder to tell its dissonance), so it doesn't feel as dissonant but also doesn't feel as consonant. Also, with chords the root intervals is generally the strongest interval, that is why I suggested weighted the other imaginary interval less. So Major triad has a strong M3 and P5 with a weak m3 and minor triad has a strong m3 and P5 with a weak M3.

– Vitulus
Oct 1 at 9:07


















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