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What is fractionally-strided convolution layer?


What are deconvolutional layers?How do subsequent convolution layers work?How are 1x1 convolutions the same as a fully connected layer?Do all layers have the same computational complexity in a ResNet?Depth of the first pooling layer outcome in tensorflow documentationWhy is this not ordinary convolution?What principle is behind semantic segmenation with CNNs?Convolutional Neural Networks layer sizesSubsequent convolution layersLeNet-5 - combining feature maps in C3 layerWhat is the motivation for row-wise convolution and folding in Kalchbrenner et al. (2014)?






.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty margin-bottom:0;








2












$begingroup$


In paper Generating High-Quality Crowd Density Maps using Contextual Pyramid CNNs, in Section 3.4, it said




Since, the aim of this work is to estimate high-resolution and
high-quality density maps, F-CNN is constructed using a set of
convolutional and fractionally-strided convolutional layers. The set
of fractionally-strided convolutional layers help us to restore
details in the output density maps. The following structure is used
for F-CNN: CR(64,9)-CR(32,7)- TR(32)-CR(16,5)-TR(16)-C(1,1), where, C
is convolutional layer, R is ReLU layer, T is fractionally-strided
convolution layer and the first number inside every brace indicates
the number of filters while the second number indicates filter size.
Every fractionally-strided convolution layer increases the input
resolution by a factor of 2, thereby ensuring that the output
resolution is the same as that of input.




I would like to know the detail of fractionally-strided convolution layer.










share|improve this question











$endgroup$




















    2












    $begingroup$


    In paper Generating High-Quality Crowd Density Maps using Contextual Pyramid CNNs, in Section 3.4, it said




    Since, the aim of this work is to estimate high-resolution and
    high-quality density maps, F-CNN is constructed using a set of
    convolutional and fractionally-strided convolutional layers. The set
    of fractionally-strided convolutional layers help us to restore
    details in the output density maps. The following structure is used
    for F-CNN: CR(64,9)-CR(32,7)- TR(32)-CR(16,5)-TR(16)-C(1,1), where, C
    is convolutional layer, R is ReLU layer, T is fractionally-strided
    convolution layer and the first number inside every brace indicates
    the number of filters while the second number indicates filter size.
    Every fractionally-strided convolution layer increases the input
    resolution by a factor of 2, thereby ensuring that the output
    resolution is the same as that of input.




    I would like to know the detail of fractionally-strided convolution layer.










    share|improve this question











    $endgroup$
















      2












      2








      2





      $begingroup$


      In paper Generating High-Quality Crowd Density Maps using Contextual Pyramid CNNs, in Section 3.4, it said




      Since, the aim of this work is to estimate high-resolution and
      high-quality density maps, F-CNN is constructed using a set of
      convolutional and fractionally-strided convolutional layers. The set
      of fractionally-strided convolutional layers help us to restore
      details in the output density maps. The following structure is used
      for F-CNN: CR(64,9)-CR(32,7)- TR(32)-CR(16,5)-TR(16)-C(1,1), where, C
      is convolutional layer, R is ReLU layer, T is fractionally-strided
      convolution layer and the first number inside every brace indicates
      the number of filters while the second number indicates filter size.
      Every fractionally-strided convolution layer increases the input
      resolution by a factor of 2, thereby ensuring that the output
      resolution is the same as that of input.




      I would like to know the detail of fractionally-strided convolution layer.










      share|improve this question











      $endgroup$




      In paper Generating High-Quality Crowd Density Maps using Contextual Pyramid CNNs, in Section 3.4, it said




      Since, the aim of this work is to estimate high-resolution and
      high-quality density maps, F-CNN is constructed using a set of
      convolutional and fractionally-strided convolutional layers. The set
      of fractionally-strided convolutional layers help us to restore
      details in the output density maps. The following structure is used
      for F-CNN: CR(64,9)-CR(32,7)- TR(32)-CR(16,5)-TR(16)-C(1,1), where, C
      is convolutional layer, R is ReLU layer, T is fractionally-strided
      convolution layer and the first number inside every brace indicates
      the number of filters while the second number indicates filter size.
      Every fractionally-strided convolution layer increases the input
      resolution by a factor of 2, thereby ensuring that the output
      resolution is the same as that of input.




      I would like to know the detail of fractionally-strided convolution layer.







      deep-learning convnet computer-vision convolution






      share|improve this question















      share|improve this question













      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question








      edited Apr 15 at 6:33









      Esmailian

      4,9141 gold badge4 silver badges22 bronze badges




      4,9141 gold badge4 silver badges22 bronze badges










      asked Apr 15 at 3:26









      Haha TTproHaha TTpro

      1134 bronze badges




      1134 bronze badges























          1 Answer
          1






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          2












          $begingroup$

          Here is an animation of fractionally-strided convolution (from this github project):





          where the dashed white cells are zero rows/columns padded between the input cells (blue). These animations are visualizations of the mathematical formulas from the article below:



          A guide to convolution arithmetic for deep learning



          Here is a quote from the article:




          Figure [..] helps understand what fractional strides involve: zeros
          are inserted between input units, which makes the kernel move around
          at a slower pace than with unit strides [footnote: doing so is
          inefficient and real-world implementations avoid useless
          multiplications by zero, but conceptually it is how the transpose of a
          strided convolution can be thought of.]





          Also, here is a post on this site asking "What are deconvolutional layers?" which is the same thing.



          And here are two quotes from a post by Paul-Louis Pröve on different types of convolutions:




          Transposed Convolutions (a.k.a. deconvolutions or fractionally strided
          convolutions)




          and




          Some sources use the name deconvolution, which is inappropriate
          because it’s not a deconvolution [..] An actual deconvolution reverts the process of a convolution.







          share|improve this answer











          $endgroup$

















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            1 Answer
            1






            active

            oldest

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            active

            oldest

            votes






            active

            oldest

            votes









            2












            $begingroup$

            Here is an animation of fractionally-strided convolution (from this github project):





            where the dashed white cells are zero rows/columns padded between the input cells (blue). These animations are visualizations of the mathematical formulas from the article below:



            A guide to convolution arithmetic for deep learning



            Here is a quote from the article:




            Figure [..] helps understand what fractional strides involve: zeros
            are inserted between input units, which makes the kernel move around
            at a slower pace than with unit strides [footnote: doing so is
            inefficient and real-world implementations avoid useless
            multiplications by zero, but conceptually it is how the transpose of a
            strided convolution can be thought of.]





            Also, here is a post on this site asking "What are deconvolutional layers?" which is the same thing.



            And here are two quotes from a post by Paul-Louis Pröve on different types of convolutions:




            Transposed Convolutions (a.k.a. deconvolutions or fractionally strided
            convolutions)




            and




            Some sources use the name deconvolution, which is inappropriate
            because it’s not a deconvolution [..] An actual deconvolution reverts the process of a convolution.







            share|improve this answer











            $endgroup$



















              2












              $begingroup$

              Here is an animation of fractionally-strided convolution (from this github project):





              where the dashed white cells are zero rows/columns padded between the input cells (blue). These animations are visualizations of the mathematical formulas from the article below:



              A guide to convolution arithmetic for deep learning



              Here is a quote from the article:




              Figure [..] helps understand what fractional strides involve: zeros
              are inserted between input units, which makes the kernel move around
              at a slower pace than with unit strides [footnote: doing so is
              inefficient and real-world implementations avoid useless
              multiplications by zero, but conceptually it is how the transpose of a
              strided convolution can be thought of.]





              Also, here is a post on this site asking "What are deconvolutional layers?" which is the same thing.



              And here are two quotes from a post by Paul-Louis Pröve on different types of convolutions:




              Transposed Convolutions (a.k.a. deconvolutions or fractionally strided
              convolutions)




              and




              Some sources use the name deconvolution, which is inappropriate
              because it’s not a deconvolution [..] An actual deconvolution reverts the process of a convolution.







              share|improve this answer











              $endgroup$

















                2












                2








                2





                $begingroup$

                Here is an animation of fractionally-strided convolution (from this github project):





                where the dashed white cells are zero rows/columns padded between the input cells (blue). These animations are visualizations of the mathematical formulas from the article below:



                A guide to convolution arithmetic for deep learning



                Here is a quote from the article:




                Figure [..] helps understand what fractional strides involve: zeros
                are inserted between input units, which makes the kernel move around
                at a slower pace than with unit strides [footnote: doing so is
                inefficient and real-world implementations avoid useless
                multiplications by zero, but conceptually it is how the transpose of a
                strided convolution can be thought of.]





                Also, here is a post on this site asking "What are deconvolutional layers?" which is the same thing.



                And here are two quotes from a post by Paul-Louis Pröve on different types of convolutions:




                Transposed Convolutions (a.k.a. deconvolutions or fractionally strided
                convolutions)




                and




                Some sources use the name deconvolution, which is inappropriate
                because it’s not a deconvolution [..] An actual deconvolution reverts the process of a convolution.







                share|improve this answer











                $endgroup$



                Here is an animation of fractionally-strided convolution (from this github project):





                where the dashed white cells are zero rows/columns padded between the input cells (blue). These animations are visualizations of the mathematical formulas from the article below:



                A guide to convolution arithmetic for deep learning



                Here is a quote from the article:




                Figure [..] helps understand what fractional strides involve: zeros
                are inserted between input units, which makes the kernel move around
                at a slower pace than with unit strides [footnote: doing so is
                inefficient and real-world implementations avoid useless
                multiplications by zero, but conceptually it is how the transpose of a
                strided convolution can be thought of.]





                Also, here is a post on this site asking "What are deconvolutional layers?" which is the same thing.



                And here are two quotes from a post by Paul-Louis Pröve on different types of convolutions:




                Transposed Convolutions (a.k.a. deconvolutions or fractionally strided
                convolutions)




                and




                Some sources use the name deconvolution, which is inappropriate
                because it’s not a deconvolution [..] An actual deconvolution reverts the process of a convolution.








                share|improve this answer














                share|improve this answer



                share|improve this answer








                edited Apr 15 at 9:04

























                answered Apr 15 at 6:08









                EsmailianEsmailian

                4,9141 gold badge4 silver badges22 bronze badges




                4,9141 gold badge4 silver badges22 bronze badges






























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