how to fix “ a start job is running for the raise network ” in ubuntu server 16.0 LTSUbuntu 16.04 - system boot waits saying “Raise network interfaces”How do remove pppoeconf from boot processEthernet not working on Ubuntu - Driver r8169: link downVery slow boot time ubuntu - A start job is running for Raise network interfacesI cannot raise ens34 on ubuntu 16.04 server vm[Failed to start raise network interfaces]Why can't I have internet on this ubuntu machine?A start job is running for wait for network to be configured. Ubuntu server 17.10Start job is running for wait for network to be configured. Ubuntu server 18.04Won't automatically reconnect wifi on startup (18.10)What triggers the “A start job is running for Raise network interfaces” delay?
Is there a penalty for switching targets?
What is the origin of the minced oath “Jiminy”?
Transiting through Switzerland by coach with lots of cash
Why is the final chapter of "The Midwich Cuckoos" entitled "Zellaby of Macedon"?
Minimum perfect squares needed to sum up to a target
Can someone identify this old round connector?
What is /dev/null and why can't I use hx on it?
How do I know how many sub-shells deep I am?
A goat is tied to the corner of a shed
What is the size of Neverwinter?
If LPG gas burners can reach temperatures above 1700 °C, then how do HCA and PAH not develop in extreme amounts during cooking?
Making a animation of multiple 3D objects rotating
The work of mathematicians outside their professional environment
What's the difference between motherboard and chassis?
Proof of bound on optimal TSP tour length in rectangular region
difference between $HOME and ~
An example of a "simple poset" which does not belong to a convex polytope
Power Adapter for Traveling to Scotland (I live in the US)
How to catch creatures that can predict the next few minutes?
What does this superscript on HypergeometricPFQ mean?
Can I voluntarily exit from the US after a 20 year overstay, or could I be detained at the airport?
How does Donald Trump manage to remain so popular over a rather long period of time?
Is having your hand in your pocket during a presentation bad?
SHA3-255, one bit less
how to fix “ a start job is running for the raise network ” in ubuntu server 16.0 LTS
Ubuntu 16.04 - system boot waits saying “Raise network interfaces”How do remove pppoeconf from boot processEthernet not working on Ubuntu - Driver r8169: link downVery slow boot time ubuntu - A start job is running for Raise network interfacesI cannot raise ens34 on ubuntu 16.04 server vm[Failed to start raise network interfaces]Why can't I have internet on this ubuntu machine?A start job is running for wait for network to be configured. Ubuntu server 17.10Start job is running for wait for network to be configured. Ubuntu server 18.04Won't automatically reconnect wifi on startup (18.10)What triggers the “A start job is running for Raise network interfaces” delay?
.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty
margin-bottom:0;
I have recently installed ubuntu server 16.04 LTS.a message is coming at the starting time " a start job is running for the raise network " & it takes too much time under offline network. but, when it comes to online makes no problem. how to make faster the startup process without this annoying message if I want to come offline ? and also there is a bridge connection named "virbr0" but not the simple ethernet network, why is this happening ?
need help .
networking server
asked Dec 19 '16 at 5:38
user632465user632465
511 gold badge1 silver badge4 bronze badges
add a comment
|
I have recently installed ubuntu server 16.04 LTS.a message is coming at the starting time " a start job is running for the raise network " & it takes too much time under offline network. but, when it comes to online makes no problem. how to make faster the startup process without this annoying message if I want to come offline ? and also there is a bridge connection named "virbr0" but not the simple ethernet network, why is this happening ?
need help .
networking server
asked Dec 19 '16 at 5:38
user632465user632465
511 gold badge1 silver badge4 bronze badges
add a comment
|
I have recently installed ubuntu server 16.04 LTS.a message is coming at the starting time " a start job is running for the raise network " & it takes too much time under offline network. but, when it comes to online makes no problem. how to make faster the startup process without this annoying message if I want to come offline ? and also there is a bridge connection named "virbr0" but not the simple ethernet network, why is this happening ?
need help .
networking server
asked Dec 19 '16 at 5:38
user632465user632465
511 gold badge1 silver badge4 bronze badges
I have recently installed ubuntu server 16.04 LTS.a message is coming at the starting time " a start job is running for the raise network " & it takes too much time under offline network. but, when it comes to online makes no problem. how to make faster the startup process without this annoying message if I want to come offline ? and also there is a bridge connection named "virbr0" but not the simple ethernet network, why is this happening ?
need help .
networking server
networking server
asked Dec 19 '16 at 5:38
user632465user632465
511 gold badge1 silver badge4 bronze badges
asked Dec 19 '16 at 5:38
user632465user632465
511 gold badge1 silver badge4 bronze badges
asked Dec 19 '16 at 5:38
user632465user632465
511 gold badge1 silver badge4 bronze badges
asked Dec 19 '16 at 5:38
user632465user632465
511 gold badge1 silver badge4 bronze badges
asked Dec 19 '16 at 5:38
user632465user632465
511 gold badge1 silver badge4 bronze badges
511 gold badge1 silver badge4 bronze badges
add a comment
|
add a comment
|
4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
I seem to get the same issue and I also have a bridged network interface, probably from my VirtualBox setup, enp0s31f6:avahi.
My system is ubuntu 16.04 LTS server variant, installed on a laptop, so primary use is as a workstation.
The issue is there if the bridged interface is there, not if it's not present, say if VirtualBox has not been started inbetween reboots.
The reason is as in the other answer that this interface lacks init info.
My sollution was to reduce the timeout, and to do so without messing with the base installed networking.services systemd file. This will persist during updates in any package.
sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/networking.service.d/
sudo bash -c 'echo -e "[Service]nTimeoutStartSec=20sec" > /etc/systemd/system/networking.service.d/timeout.conf'
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
answered Oct 3 '17 at 19:42
sastorslsastorsl
1961 silver badge8 bronze badges
1
Works on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (desktop) as well, thanks! I appreciate the additive nature of this solution.
– Raphael
Jul 23 '18 at 7:43
This solved the long waiting time for me as well, however the root cause is not fixed which is that the bridged network interface suddenly stoped connecting to the internet. So the ubunut box within vb now has no internet connection.
– merlin
Feb 12 at 18:33
add a comment
|
auto eno1
iface eno1 inet dhcp
to
allow-hotplug eno1
iface eno1 inet dhcp
For more information
https://manpages.debian.org/stretch/ifupdown/interfaces.5.en.html
answered Aug 2 '18 at 21:28
Uddhav GautamUddhav Gautam
2313 silver badges6 bronze badges
add a comment
|
Follow these steps:
- Open Terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T)
Open
/etc/network/interfacesfile withgeditornano:sudo nano /etc/network/interfacesSet below text for any interfaces in this file:
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcpSave the file and
reboot
answered Dec 19 '16 at 9:41
Ghasem PahlavanGhasem Pahlavan
1,4269 silver badges19 bronze badges
why 2 times the eth0 declaration??? before wlan0 and after wlan0?
– Philippe Gachoud
Jul 15 '18 at 15:37
I have corrected it. thanks a lot @PhilippeGachoud
– Ghasem Pahlavan
Jul 15 '18 at 20:34
add a comment
|
- Open Terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T)
Open
/etc/network/interfacesfile with gedit or nano:sudo nano /etc/network/interfacesSet below text for any interfaces in this file:
auto lo
iface lo inet loopbackRemove any other entries.
- Save the file and reboot
It solved for me.
edited Apr 17 at 8:46
Mr Shunz
2,6654 gold badges22 silver badges24 bronze badges
answered Apr 17 at 7:37
john maxwelljohn maxwell
1
add a comment
|
Your Answer
StackExchange.ready(function()
var channelOptions =
tags: "".split(" "),
id: "89"
;
initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);
StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function()
// Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled)
StackExchange.using("snippets", function()
createEditor();
);
else
createEditor();
);
function createEditor()
StackExchange.prepareEditor(
heartbeatType: 'answer',
autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
convertImagesToLinks: true,
noModals: true,
showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
reputationToPostImages: 10,
bindNavPrevention: true,
postfix: "",
imageUploader:
brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"u003ecc by-sa 4.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
allowUrls: true
,
onDemand: true,
discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
);
);
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
StackExchange.ready(
function ()
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2faskubuntu.com%2fquestions%2f862176%2fhow-to-fix-a-start-job-is-running-for-the-raise-network-in-ubuntu-server-16%23new-answer', 'question_page');
);
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
4 Answers
4
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
I seem to get the same issue and I also have a bridged network interface, probably from my VirtualBox setup, enp0s31f6:avahi.
My system is ubuntu 16.04 LTS server variant, installed on a laptop, so primary use is as a workstation.
The issue is there if the bridged interface is there, not if it's not present, say if VirtualBox has not been started inbetween reboots.
The reason is as in the other answer that this interface lacks init info.
My sollution was to reduce the timeout, and to do so without messing with the base installed networking.services systemd file. This will persist during updates in any package.
sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/networking.service.d/
sudo bash -c 'echo -e "[Service]nTimeoutStartSec=20sec" > /etc/systemd/system/networking.service.d/timeout.conf'
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
answered Oct 3 '17 at 19:42
sastorslsastorsl
1961 silver badge8 bronze badges
1
Works on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (desktop) as well, thanks! I appreciate the additive nature of this solution.
– Raphael
Jul 23 '18 at 7:43
This solved the long waiting time for me as well, however the root cause is not fixed which is that the bridged network interface suddenly stoped connecting to the internet. So the ubunut box within vb now has no internet connection.
– merlin
Feb 12 at 18:33
add a comment
|
I seem to get the same issue and I also have a bridged network interface, probably from my VirtualBox setup, enp0s31f6:avahi.
My system is ubuntu 16.04 LTS server variant, installed on a laptop, so primary use is as a workstation.
The issue is there if the bridged interface is there, not if it's not present, say if VirtualBox has not been started inbetween reboots.
The reason is as in the other answer that this interface lacks init info.
My sollution was to reduce the timeout, and to do so without messing with the base installed networking.services systemd file. This will persist during updates in any package.
sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/networking.service.d/
sudo bash -c 'echo -e "[Service]nTimeoutStartSec=20sec" > /etc/systemd/system/networking.service.d/timeout.conf'
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
answered Oct 3 '17 at 19:42
sastorslsastorsl
1961 silver badge8 bronze badges
1
Works on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (desktop) as well, thanks! I appreciate the additive nature of this solution.
– Raphael
Jul 23 '18 at 7:43
This solved the long waiting time for me as well, however the root cause is not fixed which is that the bridged network interface suddenly stoped connecting to the internet. So the ubunut box within vb now has no internet connection.
– merlin
Feb 12 at 18:33
add a comment
|
I seem to get the same issue and I also have a bridged network interface, probably from my VirtualBox setup, enp0s31f6:avahi.
My system is ubuntu 16.04 LTS server variant, installed on a laptop, so primary use is as a workstation.
The issue is there if the bridged interface is there, not if it's not present, say if VirtualBox has not been started inbetween reboots.
The reason is as in the other answer that this interface lacks init info.
My sollution was to reduce the timeout, and to do so without messing with the base installed networking.services systemd file. This will persist during updates in any package.
sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/networking.service.d/
sudo bash -c 'echo -e "[Service]nTimeoutStartSec=20sec" > /etc/systemd/system/networking.service.d/timeout.conf'
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
answered Oct 3 '17 at 19:42
sastorslsastorsl
1961 silver badge8 bronze badges
I seem to get the same issue and I also have a bridged network interface, probably from my VirtualBox setup, enp0s31f6:avahi.
My system is ubuntu 16.04 LTS server variant, installed on a laptop, so primary use is as a workstation.
The issue is there if the bridged interface is there, not if it's not present, say if VirtualBox has not been started inbetween reboots.
The reason is as in the other answer that this interface lacks init info.
My sollution was to reduce the timeout, and to do so without messing with the base installed networking.services systemd file. This will persist during updates in any package.
sudo mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system/networking.service.d/
sudo bash -c 'echo -e "[Service]nTimeoutStartSec=20sec" > /etc/systemd/system/networking.service.d/timeout.conf'
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
answered Oct 3 '17 at 19:42
sastorslsastorsl
1961 silver badge8 bronze badges
answered Oct 3 '17 at 19:42
sastorslsastorsl
1961 silver badge8 bronze badges
answered Oct 3 '17 at 19:42
sastorslsastorsl
1961 silver badge8 bronze badges
answered Oct 3 '17 at 19:42
sastorslsastorsl
1961 silver badge8 bronze badges
1961 silver badge8 bronze badges
1
Works on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (desktop) as well, thanks! I appreciate the additive nature of this solution.
– Raphael
Jul 23 '18 at 7:43
This solved the long waiting time for me as well, however the root cause is not fixed which is that the bridged network interface suddenly stoped connecting to the internet. So the ubunut box within vb now has no internet connection.
– merlin
Feb 12 at 18:33
add a comment
|
1
Works on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (desktop) as well, thanks! I appreciate the additive nature of this solution.
– Raphael
Jul 23 '18 at 7:43
This solved the long waiting time for me as well, however the root cause is not fixed which is that the bridged network interface suddenly stoped connecting to the internet. So the ubunut box within vb now has no internet connection.
– merlin
Feb 12 at 18:33
1
1
Works on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (desktop) as well, thanks! I appreciate the additive nature of this solution.
– Raphael
Jul 23 '18 at 7:43
Works on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (desktop) as well, thanks! I appreciate the additive nature of this solution.
– Raphael
Jul 23 '18 at 7:43
This solved the long waiting time for me as well, however the root cause is not fixed which is that the bridged network interface suddenly stoped connecting to the internet. So the ubunut box within vb now has no internet connection.
– merlin
Feb 12 at 18:33
This solved the long waiting time for me as well, however the root cause is not fixed which is that the bridged network interface suddenly stoped connecting to the internet. So the ubunut box within vb now has no internet connection.
– merlin
Feb 12 at 18:33
add a comment
|
auto eno1
iface eno1 inet dhcp
to
allow-hotplug eno1
iface eno1 inet dhcp
For more information
https://manpages.debian.org/stretch/ifupdown/interfaces.5.en.html
answered Aug 2 '18 at 21:28
Uddhav GautamUddhav Gautam
2313 silver badges6 bronze badges
add a comment
|
auto eno1
iface eno1 inet dhcp
to
allow-hotplug eno1
iface eno1 inet dhcp
For more information
https://manpages.debian.org/stretch/ifupdown/interfaces.5.en.html
answered Aug 2 '18 at 21:28
Uddhav GautamUddhav Gautam
2313 silver badges6 bronze badges
add a comment
|
auto eno1
iface eno1 inet dhcp
to
allow-hotplug eno1
iface eno1 inet dhcp
For more information
https://manpages.debian.org/stretch/ifupdown/interfaces.5.en.html
answered Aug 2 '18 at 21:28
Uddhav GautamUddhav Gautam
2313 silver badges6 bronze badges
auto eno1
iface eno1 inet dhcp
to
allow-hotplug eno1
iface eno1 inet dhcp
For more information
https://manpages.debian.org/stretch/ifupdown/interfaces.5.en.html
answered Aug 2 '18 at 21:28
Uddhav GautamUddhav Gautam
2313 silver badges6 bronze badges
answered Aug 2 '18 at 21:28
Uddhav GautamUddhav Gautam
2313 silver badges6 bronze badges
answered Aug 2 '18 at 21:28
Uddhav GautamUddhav Gautam
2313 silver badges6 bronze badges
answered Aug 2 '18 at 21:28
Uddhav GautamUddhav Gautam
2313 silver badges6 bronze badges
2313 silver badges6 bronze badges
add a comment
|
add a comment
|
Follow these steps:
- Open Terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T)
Open
/etc/network/interfacesfile withgeditornano:sudo nano /etc/network/interfacesSet below text for any interfaces in this file:
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcpSave the file and
reboot
answered Dec 19 '16 at 9:41
Ghasem PahlavanGhasem Pahlavan
1,4269 silver badges19 bronze badges
why 2 times the eth0 declaration??? before wlan0 and after wlan0?
– Philippe Gachoud
Jul 15 '18 at 15:37
I have corrected it. thanks a lot @PhilippeGachoud
– Ghasem Pahlavan
Jul 15 '18 at 20:34
add a comment
|
Follow these steps:
- Open Terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T)
Open
/etc/network/interfacesfile withgeditornano:sudo nano /etc/network/interfacesSet below text for any interfaces in this file:
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcpSave the file and
reboot
answered Dec 19 '16 at 9:41
Ghasem PahlavanGhasem Pahlavan
1,4269 silver badges19 bronze badges
why 2 times the eth0 declaration??? before wlan0 and after wlan0?
– Philippe Gachoud
Jul 15 '18 at 15:37
I have corrected it. thanks a lot @PhilippeGachoud
– Ghasem Pahlavan
Jul 15 '18 at 20:34
add a comment
|
Follow these steps:
- Open Terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T)
Open
/etc/network/interfacesfile withgeditornano:sudo nano /etc/network/interfacesSet below text for any interfaces in this file:
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcpSave the file and
reboot
answered Dec 19 '16 at 9:41
Ghasem PahlavanGhasem Pahlavan
1,4269 silver badges19 bronze badges
Follow these steps:
- Open Terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T)
Open
/etc/network/interfacesfile withgeditornano:sudo nano /etc/network/interfacesSet below text for any interfaces in this file:
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet dhcp
auto wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcpSave the file and
reboot
answered Dec 19 '16 at 9:41
Ghasem PahlavanGhasem Pahlavan
1,4269 silver badges19 bronze badges
edited Jul 15 '18 at 20:32
answered Dec 19 '16 at 9:41
Ghasem PahlavanGhasem Pahlavan
1,4269 silver badges19 bronze badges
answered Dec 19 '16 at 9:41
Ghasem PahlavanGhasem Pahlavan
1,4269 silver badges19 bronze badges
answered Dec 19 '16 at 9:41
Ghasem PahlavanGhasem Pahlavan
1,4269 silver badges19 bronze badges
1,4269 silver badges19 bronze badges
why 2 times the eth0 declaration??? before wlan0 and after wlan0?
– Philippe Gachoud
Jul 15 '18 at 15:37
I have corrected it. thanks a lot @PhilippeGachoud
– Ghasem Pahlavan
Jul 15 '18 at 20:34
add a comment
|
why 2 times the eth0 declaration??? before wlan0 and after wlan0?
– Philippe Gachoud
Jul 15 '18 at 15:37
I have corrected it. thanks a lot @PhilippeGachoud
– Ghasem Pahlavan
Jul 15 '18 at 20:34
why 2 times the eth0 declaration??? before wlan0 and after wlan0?
– Philippe Gachoud
Jul 15 '18 at 15:37
why 2 times the eth0 declaration??? before wlan0 and after wlan0?
– Philippe Gachoud
Jul 15 '18 at 15:37
I have corrected it. thanks a lot @PhilippeGachoud
– Ghasem Pahlavan
Jul 15 '18 at 20:34
I have corrected it. thanks a lot @PhilippeGachoud
– Ghasem Pahlavan
Jul 15 '18 at 20:34
add a comment
|
- Open Terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T)
Open
/etc/network/interfacesfile with gedit or nano:sudo nano /etc/network/interfacesSet below text for any interfaces in this file:
auto lo
iface lo inet loopbackRemove any other entries.
- Save the file and reboot
It solved for me.
edited Apr 17 at 8:46
Mr Shunz
2,6654 gold badges22 silver badges24 bronze badges
answered Apr 17 at 7:37
john maxwelljohn maxwell
1
add a comment
|
- Open Terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T)
Open
/etc/network/interfacesfile with gedit or nano:sudo nano /etc/network/interfacesSet below text for any interfaces in this file:
auto lo
iface lo inet loopbackRemove any other entries.
- Save the file and reboot
It solved for me.
edited Apr 17 at 8:46
Mr Shunz
2,6654 gold badges22 silver badges24 bronze badges
answered Apr 17 at 7:37
john maxwelljohn maxwell
1
add a comment
|
- Open Terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T)
Open
/etc/network/interfacesfile with gedit or nano:sudo nano /etc/network/interfacesSet below text for any interfaces in this file:
auto lo
iface lo inet loopbackRemove any other entries.
- Save the file and reboot
It solved for me.
edited Apr 17 at 8:46
Mr Shunz
2,6654 gold badges22 silver badges24 bronze badges
answered Apr 17 at 7:37
john maxwelljohn maxwell
1
- Open Terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T)
Open
/etc/network/interfacesfile with gedit or nano:sudo nano /etc/network/interfacesSet below text for any interfaces in this file:
auto lo
iface lo inet loopbackRemove any other entries.
- Save the file and reboot
It solved for me.
edited Apr 17 at 8:46
Mr Shunz
2,6654 gold badges22 silver badges24 bronze badges
answered Apr 17 at 7:37
john maxwelljohn maxwell
1
edited Apr 17 at 8:46
Mr Shunz
2,6654 gold badges22 silver badges24 bronze badges
edited Apr 17 at 8:46
Mr Shunz
2,6654 gold badges22 silver badges24 bronze badges
edited Apr 17 at 8:46
Mr Shunz
2,6654 gold badges22 silver badges24 bronze badges
2,6654 gold badges22 silver badges24 bronze badges
answered Apr 17 at 7:37
john maxwelljohn maxwell
1
answered Apr 17 at 7:37
john maxwelljohn maxwell
1
answered Apr 17 at 7:37
john maxwelljohn maxwell
1
1
add a comment
|
add a comment
|
Thanks for contributing an answer to Ask Ubuntu!
- Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!
But avoid …
- Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.
- Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.
To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
StackExchange.ready(
function ()
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2faskubuntu.com%2fquestions%2f862176%2fhow-to-fix-a-start-job-is-running-for-the-raise-network-in-ubuntu-server-16%23new-answer', 'question_page');
);
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function ()
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
);
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
