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In my recent study of electronics, I chance upon a guide on building a line-following robot. In one of the diagram shown, I realized that the capacitors, namely, C1, C2, C4 and C5, all marked with red arrows, are connected with the wrong polarity. This is from my recent understanding of capacitors. I have listed my observations and reasoning below.
Kindly help verifies if my understanding is correct. I have tried contacting the author but to no avail ;(
My observations:
The symbol indicates electrolytic capacitors in use, which are polarised capacitor. The flat side of the symbol should be the positive terminal. However, the curve side(-ve) is connected to the power source(+ve) instead.
C3(marked with green arrow) is connected correctly, at least IMO(beginner).
I think this is important as the reverse voltage in electrolytic capacitor will cause self-destruction of the oxide layer and fire.
Here is the link to the guide: http://www.circuitstoday.com/line-follower-robot-using-8051-microcontroller
![Diagram from [circuitstoday.com][1]](https://i.stack.imgur.com/nM8Dm.png)
capacitor electrolytic-capacitor
asked May 29 at 5:01
Jack OatJack Oat
1681 silver badge9 bronze badges
$endgroup$
add a comment
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$begingroup$
In my recent study of electronics, I chance upon a guide on building a line-following robot. In one of the diagram shown, I realized that the capacitors, namely, C1, C2, C4 and C5, all marked with red arrows, are connected with the wrong polarity. This is from my recent understanding of capacitors. I have listed my observations and reasoning below.
Kindly help verifies if my understanding is correct. I have tried contacting the author but to no avail ;(
My observations:
The symbol indicates electrolytic capacitors in use, which are polarised capacitor. The flat side of the symbol should be the positive terminal. However, the curve side(-ve) is connected to the power source(+ve) instead.
C3(marked with green arrow) is connected correctly, at least IMO(beginner).
I think this is important as the reverse voltage in electrolytic capacitor will cause self-destruction of the oxide layer and fire.
Here is the link to the guide: http://www.circuitstoday.com/line-follower-robot-using-8051-microcontroller
capacitor electrolytic-capacitor
asked May 29 at 5:01
Jack OatJack Oat
1681 silver badge9 bronze badges
$endgroup$
add a comment
|
$begingroup$
In my recent study of electronics, I chance upon a guide on building a line-following robot. In one of the diagram shown, I realized that the capacitors, namely, C1, C2, C4 and C5, all marked with red arrows, are connected with the wrong polarity. This is from my recent understanding of capacitors. I have listed my observations and reasoning below.
Kindly help verifies if my understanding is correct. I have tried contacting the author but to no avail ;(
My observations:
The symbol indicates electrolytic capacitors in use, which are polarised capacitor. The flat side of the symbol should be the positive terminal. However, the curve side(-ve) is connected to the power source(+ve) instead.
C3(marked with green arrow) is connected correctly, at least IMO(beginner).
I think this is important as the reverse voltage in electrolytic capacitor will cause self-destruction of the oxide layer and fire.
Here is the link to the guide: http://www.circuitstoday.com/line-follower-robot-using-8051-microcontroller
capacitor electrolytic-capacitor
asked May 29 at 5:01
Jack OatJack Oat
1681 silver badge9 bronze badges
$endgroup$
In my recent study of electronics, I chance upon a guide on building a line-following robot. In one of the diagram shown, I realized that the capacitors, namely, C1, C2, C4 and C5, all marked with red arrows, are connected with the wrong polarity. This is from my recent understanding of capacitors. I have listed my observations and reasoning below.
Kindly help verifies if my understanding is correct. I have tried contacting the author but to no avail ;(
My observations:
The symbol indicates electrolytic capacitors in use, which are polarised capacitor. The flat side of the symbol should be the positive terminal. However, the curve side(-ve) is connected to the power source(+ve) instead.
C3(marked with green arrow) is connected correctly, at least IMO(beginner).
I think this is important as the reverse voltage in electrolytic capacitor will cause self-destruction of the oxide layer and fire.
Here is the link to the guide: http://www.circuitstoday.com/line-follower-robot-using-8051-microcontroller
capacitor electrolytic-capacitor
capacitor electrolytic-capacitor
asked May 29 at 5:01
Jack OatJack Oat
1681 silver badge9 bronze badges
asked May 29 at 5:01
Jack OatJack Oat
1681 silver badge9 bronze badges
asked May 29 at 5:01
Jack OatJack Oat
1681 silver badge9 bronze badges
asked May 29 at 5:01
Jack OatJack Oat
1681 silver badge9 bronze badges
asked May 29 at 5:01
Jack OatJack Oat
1681 silver badge9 bronze badges
1681 silver badge9 bronze badges
add a comment
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add a comment
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3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
The capacitors marked red are too small to be electrolytic. They must be ceramic. They just used same symbol for all capacitors except without the plus sign.
answered May 29 at 5:18
JustmeJustme
8,3692 gold badges10 silver badges23 bronze badges
$endgroup$
add a comment
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$begingroup$
It's actually a common misconception that the curved side means negative or that the curve signifies an electrolytic. The + sign is supposed to be used to indicate polarity. Any specific meaning of the curved side, if there is one, depends on the situation.
IEEE Std 315-1975:
2.2.1.1B - For style 2, if it is necessary to identify the capacitor electrodes, the curved element shall represent:
a) The outside electrode in fixed paper-dielectric and ceramic-dielectric capacitors;
b) The moving element in adjustable and variable capacitors;
c) The low-potential element in feed-through capacitors. (IEC Preferred)
answered May 30 at 0:10
user71659user71659
7092 silver badges8 bronze badges
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Interesting -- Just to be a nit-picker, is this quote from the "reaffirmed" 1993 edition?
$endgroup$
– Carl Witthoft
May 30 at 12:58
1
$begingroup$
@CarlWitthoft Yes, same in the original and reaffirmed edition.
$endgroup$
– user71659
May 30 at 15:13
$begingroup$
+1 for technical correctness, but I would find it difficult to identify a polarized capacitor for which the curved side (according to this spec) is not the negative. Electrolytic capacitors are usually (always?) made such that the cathode is the outer electrode. Variable caps aren't (usually?) polarized.
$endgroup$
– trentcl
May 31 at 14:34
add a comment
|
$begingroup$
It looks like lazy symbol use. Those motor noise suppression caps and the crystal caps should be ceramic caps which are non-polarized. You'll have a hard time finding 33pF or 0.1uF electrolytic caps anyways. I don't think they exist.
answered May 29 at 5:15
DKNguyenDKNguyen
8,5051 gold badge9 silver badges32 bronze badges
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
thanks for your speedy comment. Ceramic cap is what I thought too!
$endgroup$
– Jack Oat
May 29 at 5:18
13
$begingroup$
Not so much "lazy" as just "old fashioned". IIRC all capacitors were drawn that way in the 1950s. Polarization was shown with a + added to the symbol. There are still some web sites showing this, e.g. rapidtables.com/electric/Capacitor_Symbols.html (but there are no references on that site for the source of any of the information!)
$endgroup$
– alephzero
May 29 at 15:34
$begingroup$
@alephzero Interesting
$endgroup$
– DKNguyen
May 29 at 15:35
2
$begingroup$
0.1μF electrolytic capacitors are easy enough to find.
$endgroup$
– Hearth
May 30 at 0:22
5
$begingroup$
The surface of the GND is curved -- just ask Buzz Aldrin :)
$endgroup$
– Wossname
May 30 at 10:25
|
show 3 more comments
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3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
$begingroup$
The capacitors marked red are too small to be electrolytic. They must be ceramic. They just used same symbol for all capacitors except without the plus sign.
answered May 29 at 5:18
JustmeJustme
8,3692 gold badges10 silver badges23 bronze badges
$endgroup$
add a comment
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$begingroup$
The capacitors marked red are too small to be electrolytic. They must be ceramic. They just used same symbol for all capacitors except without the plus sign.
answered May 29 at 5:18
JustmeJustme
8,3692 gold badges10 silver badges23 bronze badges
$endgroup$
add a comment
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$begingroup$
The capacitors marked red are too small to be electrolytic. They must be ceramic. They just used same symbol for all capacitors except without the plus sign.
answered May 29 at 5:18
JustmeJustme
8,3692 gold badges10 silver badges23 bronze badges
$endgroup$
The capacitors marked red are too small to be electrolytic. They must be ceramic. They just used same symbol for all capacitors except without the plus sign.
answered May 29 at 5:18
JustmeJustme
8,3692 gold badges10 silver badges23 bronze badges
answered May 29 at 5:18
JustmeJustme
8,3692 gold badges10 silver badges23 bronze badges
answered May 29 at 5:18
JustmeJustme
8,3692 gold badges10 silver badges23 bronze badges
answered May 29 at 5:18
JustmeJustme
8,3692 gold badges10 silver badges23 bronze badges
8,3692 gold badges10 silver badges23 bronze badges
add a comment
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add a comment
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$begingroup$
It's actually a common misconception that the curved side means negative or that the curve signifies an electrolytic. The + sign is supposed to be used to indicate polarity. Any specific meaning of the curved side, if there is one, depends on the situation.
IEEE Std 315-1975:
2.2.1.1B - For style 2, if it is necessary to identify the capacitor electrodes, the curved element shall represent:
a) The outside electrode in fixed paper-dielectric and ceramic-dielectric capacitors;
b) The moving element in adjustable and variable capacitors;
c) The low-potential element in feed-through capacitors. (IEC Preferred)
answered May 30 at 0:10
user71659user71659
7092 silver badges8 bronze badges
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Interesting -- Just to be a nit-picker, is this quote from the "reaffirmed" 1993 edition?
$endgroup$
– Carl Witthoft
May 30 at 12:58
1
$begingroup$
@CarlWitthoft Yes, same in the original and reaffirmed edition.
$endgroup$
– user71659
May 30 at 15:13
$begingroup$
+1 for technical correctness, but I would find it difficult to identify a polarized capacitor for which the curved side (according to this spec) is not the negative. Electrolytic capacitors are usually (always?) made such that the cathode is the outer electrode. Variable caps aren't (usually?) polarized.
$endgroup$
– trentcl
May 31 at 14:34
add a comment
|
$begingroup$
It's actually a common misconception that the curved side means negative or that the curve signifies an electrolytic. The + sign is supposed to be used to indicate polarity. Any specific meaning of the curved side, if there is one, depends on the situation.
IEEE Std 315-1975:
2.2.1.1B - For style 2, if it is necessary to identify the capacitor electrodes, the curved element shall represent:
a) The outside electrode in fixed paper-dielectric and ceramic-dielectric capacitors;
b) The moving element in adjustable and variable capacitors;
c) The low-potential element in feed-through capacitors. (IEC Preferred)
answered May 30 at 0:10
user71659user71659
7092 silver badges8 bronze badges
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
Interesting -- Just to be a nit-picker, is this quote from the "reaffirmed" 1993 edition?
$endgroup$
– Carl Witthoft
May 30 at 12:58
1
$begingroup$
@CarlWitthoft Yes, same in the original and reaffirmed edition.
$endgroup$
– user71659
May 30 at 15:13
$begingroup$
+1 for technical correctness, but I would find it difficult to identify a polarized capacitor for which the curved side (according to this spec) is not the negative. Electrolytic capacitors are usually (always?) made such that the cathode is the outer electrode. Variable caps aren't (usually?) polarized.
$endgroup$
– trentcl
May 31 at 14:34
add a comment
|
$begingroup$
It's actually a common misconception that the curved side means negative or that the curve signifies an electrolytic. The + sign is supposed to be used to indicate polarity. Any specific meaning of the curved side, if there is one, depends on the situation.
IEEE Std 315-1975:
2.2.1.1B - For style 2, if it is necessary to identify the capacitor electrodes, the curved element shall represent:
a) The outside electrode in fixed paper-dielectric and ceramic-dielectric capacitors;
b) The moving element in adjustable and variable capacitors;
c) The low-potential element in feed-through capacitors. (IEC Preferred)
answered May 30 at 0:10
user71659user71659
7092 silver badges8 bronze badges
$endgroup$
It's actually a common misconception that the curved side means negative or that the curve signifies an electrolytic. The + sign is supposed to be used to indicate polarity. Any specific meaning of the curved side, if there is one, depends on the situation.
IEEE Std 315-1975:
2.2.1.1B - For style 2, if it is necessary to identify the capacitor electrodes, the curved element shall represent:
a) The outside electrode in fixed paper-dielectric and ceramic-dielectric capacitors;
b) The moving element in adjustable and variable capacitors;
c) The low-potential element in feed-through capacitors. (IEC Preferred)
answered May 30 at 0:10
user71659user71659
7092 silver badges8 bronze badges
edited May 30 at 2:44
answered May 30 at 0:10
user71659user71659
7092 silver badges8 bronze badges
answered May 30 at 0:10
user71659user71659
7092 silver badges8 bronze badges
answered May 30 at 0:10
user71659user71659
7092 silver badges8 bronze badges
7092 silver badges8 bronze badges
$begingroup$
Interesting -- Just to be a nit-picker, is this quote from the "reaffirmed" 1993 edition?
$endgroup$
– Carl Witthoft
May 30 at 12:58
1
$begingroup$
@CarlWitthoft Yes, same in the original and reaffirmed edition.
$endgroup$
– user71659
May 30 at 15:13
$begingroup$
+1 for technical correctness, but I would find it difficult to identify a polarized capacitor for which the curved side (according to this spec) is not the negative. Electrolytic capacitors are usually (always?) made such that the cathode is the outer electrode. Variable caps aren't (usually?) polarized.
$endgroup$
– trentcl
May 31 at 14:34
add a comment
|
$begingroup$
Interesting -- Just to be a nit-picker, is this quote from the "reaffirmed" 1993 edition?
$endgroup$
– Carl Witthoft
May 30 at 12:58
1
$begingroup$
@CarlWitthoft Yes, same in the original and reaffirmed edition.
$endgroup$
– user71659
May 30 at 15:13
$begingroup$
+1 for technical correctness, but I would find it difficult to identify a polarized capacitor for which the curved side (according to this spec) is not the negative. Electrolytic capacitors are usually (always?) made such that the cathode is the outer electrode. Variable caps aren't (usually?) polarized.
$endgroup$
– trentcl
May 31 at 14:34
$begingroup$
Interesting -- Just to be a nit-picker, is this quote from the "reaffirmed" 1993 edition?
$endgroup$
– Carl Witthoft
May 30 at 12:58
$begingroup$
Interesting -- Just to be a nit-picker, is this quote from the "reaffirmed" 1993 edition?
$endgroup$
– Carl Witthoft
May 30 at 12:58
1
1
$begingroup$
@CarlWitthoft Yes, same in the original and reaffirmed edition.
$endgroup$
– user71659
May 30 at 15:13
$begingroup$
@CarlWitthoft Yes, same in the original and reaffirmed edition.
$endgroup$
– user71659
May 30 at 15:13
$begingroup$
+1 for technical correctness, but I would find it difficult to identify a polarized capacitor for which the curved side (according to this spec) is not the negative. Electrolytic capacitors are usually (always?) made such that the cathode is the outer electrode. Variable caps aren't (usually?) polarized.
$endgroup$
– trentcl
May 31 at 14:34
$begingroup$
+1 for technical correctness, but I would find it difficult to identify a polarized capacitor for which the curved side (according to this spec) is not the negative. Electrolytic capacitors are usually (always?) made such that the cathode is the outer electrode. Variable caps aren't (usually?) polarized.
$endgroup$
– trentcl
May 31 at 14:34
add a comment
|
$begingroup$
It looks like lazy symbol use. Those motor noise suppression caps and the crystal caps should be ceramic caps which are non-polarized. You'll have a hard time finding 33pF or 0.1uF electrolytic caps anyways. I don't think they exist.
answered May 29 at 5:15
DKNguyenDKNguyen
8,5051 gold badge9 silver badges32 bronze badges
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
thanks for your speedy comment. Ceramic cap is what I thought too!
$endgroup$
– Jack Oat
May 29 at 5:18
13
$begingroup$
Not so much "lazy" as just "old fashioned". IIRC all capacitors were drawn that way in the 1950s. Polarization was shown with a + added to the symbol. There are still some web sites showing this, e.g. rapidtables.com/electric/Capacitor_Symbols.html (but there are no references on that site for the source of any of the information!)
$endgroup$
– alephzero
May 29 at 15:34
$begingroup$
@alephzero Interesting
$endgroup$
– DKNguyen
May 29 at 15:35
2
$begingroup$
0.1μF electrolytic capacitors are easy enough to find.
$endgroup$
– Hearth
May 30 at 0:22
5
$begingroup$
The surface of the GND is curved -- just ask Buzz Aldrin :)
$endgroup$
– Wossname
May 30 at 10:25
|
show 3 more comments
$begingroup$
It looks like lazy symbol use. Those motor noise suppression caps and the crystal caps should be ceramic caps which are non-polarized. You'll have a hard time finding 33pF or 0.1uF electrolytic caps anyways. I don't think they exist.
answered May 29 at 5:15
DKNguyenDKNguyen
8,5051 gold badge9 silver badges32 bronze badges
$endgroup$
$begingroup$
thanks for your speedy comment. Ceramic cap is what I thought too!
$endgroup$
– Jack Oat
May 29 at 5:18
13
$begingroup$
Not so much "lazy" as just "old fashioned". IIRC all capacitors were drawn that way in the 1950s. Polarization was shown with a + added to the symbol. There are still some web sites showing this, e.g. rapidtables.com/electric/Capacitor_Symbols.html (but there are no references on that site for the source of any of the information!)
$endgroup$
– alephzero
May 29 at 15:34
$begingroup$
@alephzero Interesting
$endgroup$
– DKNguyen
May 29 at 15:35
2
$begingroup$
0.1μF electrolytic capacitors are easy enough to find.
$endgroup$
– Hearth
May 30 at 0:22
5
$begingroup$
The surface of the GND is curved -- just ask Buzz Aldrin :)
$endgroup$
– Wossname
May 30 at 10:25
|
show 3 more comments
$begingroup$
It looks like lazy symbol use. Those motor noise suppression caps and the crystal caps should be ceramic caps which are non-polarized. You'll have a hard time finding 33pF or 0.1uF electrolytic caps anyways. I don't think they exist.
answered May 29 at 5:15
DKNguyenDKNguyen
8,5051 gold badge9 silver badges32 bronze badges
$endgroup$
It looks like lazy symbol use. Those motor noise suppression caps and the crystal caps should be ceramic caps which are non-polarized. You'll have a hard time finding 33pF or 0.1uF electrolytic caps anyways. I don't think they exist.
answered May 29 at 5:15
DKNguyenDKNguyen
8,5051 gold badge9 silver badges32 bronze badges
answered May 29 at 5:15
DKNguyenDKNguyen
8,5051 gold badge9 silver badges32 bronze badges
answered May 29 at 5:15
DKNguyenDKNguyen
8,5051 gold badge9 silver badges32 bronze badges
answered May 29 at 5:15
DKNguyenDKNguyen
8,5051 gold badge9 silver badges32 bronze badges
8,5051 gold badge9 silver badges32 bronze badges
$begingroup$
thanks for your speedy comment. Ceramic cap is what I thought too!
$endgroup$
– Jack Oat
May 29 at 5:18
13
$begingroup$
Not so much "lazy" as just "old fashioned". IIRC all capacitors were drawn that way in the 1950s. Polarization was shown with a + added to the symbol. There are still some web sites showing this, e.g. rapidtables.com/electric/Capacitor_Symbols.html (but there are no references on that site for the source of any of the information!)
$endgroup$
– alephzero
May 29 at 15:34
$begingroup$
@alephzero Interesting
$endgroup$
– DKNguyen
May 29 at 15:35
2
$begingroup$
0.1μF electrolytic capacitors are easy enough to find.
$endgroup$
– Hearth
May 30 at 0:22
5
$begingroup$
The surface of the GND is curved -- just ask Buzz Aldrin :)
$endgroup$
– Wossname
May 30 at 10:25
|
show 3 more comments
$begingroup$
thanks for your speedy comment. Ceramic cap is what I thought too!
$endgroup$
– Jack Oat
May 29 at 5:18
13
$begingroup$
Not so much "lazy" as just "old fashioned". IIRC all capacitors were drawn that way in the 1950s. Polarization was shown with a + added to the symbol. There are still some web sites showing this, e.g. rapidtables.com/electric/Capacitor_Symbols.html (but there are no references on that site for the source of any of the information!)
$endgroup$
– alephzero
May 29 at 15:34
$begingroup$
@alephzero Interesting
$endgroup$
– DKNguyen
May 29 at 15:35
2
$begingroup$
0.1μF electrolytic capacitors are easy enough to find.
$endgroup$
– Hearth
May 30 at 0:22
5
$begingroup$
The surface of the GND is curved -- just ask Buzz Aldrin :)
$endgroup$
– Wossname
May 30 at 10:25
$begingroup$
thanks for your speedy comment. Ceramic cap is what I thought too!
$endgroup$
– Jack Oat
May 29 at 5:18
$begingroup$
thanks for your speedy comment. Ceramic cap is what I thought too!
$endgroup$
– Jack Oat
May 29 at 5:18
13
13
$begingroup$
Not so much "lazy" as just "old fashioned". IIRC all capacitors were drawn that way in the 1950s. Polarization was shown with a + added to the symbol. There are still some web sites showing this, e.g. rapidtables.com/electric/Capacitor_Symbols.html (but there are no references on that site for the source of any of the information!)
$endgroup$
– alephzero
May 29 at 15:34
$begingroup$
Not so much "lazy" as just "old fashioned". IIRC all capacitors were drawn that way in the 1950s. Polarization was shown with a + added to the symbol. There are still some web sites showing this, e.g. rapidtables.com/electric/Capacitor_Symbols.html (but there are no references on that site for the source of any of the information!)
$endgroup$
– alephzero
May 29 at 15:34
$begingroup$
@alephzero Interesting
$endgroup$
– DKNguyen
May 29 at 15:35
$begingroup$
@alephzero Interesting
$endgroup$
– DKNguyen
May 29 at 15:35
2
2
$begingroup$
0.1μF electrolytic capacitors are easy enough to find.
$endgroup$
– Hearth
May 30 at 0:22
$begingroup$
0.1μF electrolytic capacitors are easy enough to find.
$endgroup$
– Hearth
May 30 at 0:22
5
5
$begingroup$
The surface of the GND is curved -- just ask Buzz Aldrin :)
$endgroup$
– Wossname
May 30 at 10:25
$begingroup$
The surface of the GND is curved -- just ask Buzz Aldrin :)
$endgroup$
– Wossname
May 30 at 10:25
|
show 3 more comments
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