Why did the USA sell so many airplanes prior to WW2?Why did Hitler declare war on the USA?Why did the USA stay out of the League of Nations?How many firearms were owned by civilian population between 1836 and 1912 in USA?Is the USA a superpower today because of WW2?How widespread was pacifism in the WW2 USA?How did the US fall behind in airplane technology from 1909-1917?During WW2, why did the USA occupy Clipperton Island?

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Why did the USA sell so many airplanes prior to WW2?


Why did Hitler declare war on the USA?Why did the USA stay out of the League of Nations?How many firearms were owned by civilian population between 1836 and 1912 in USA?Is the USA a superpower today because of WW2?How widespread was pacifism in the WW2 USA?How did the US fall behind in airplane technology from 1909-1917?During WW2, why did the USA occupy Clipperton Island?






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margin-bottom:0;

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5

















I am wondering why there are so much airplanes made in USA in the world's air forces prior to WW2, since I don't think the US Air Force had the better reputation.
You can count the:



  • Glenn Martin fighter

  • Brewster F2A Buffalo fighter

  • Martin Twin engine bombers in multiple variants

  • ...

How did the US, with their isolationism, concluded so many contracts? And why only in air forces and not in naval or land warfare?



I am not speaking of the lend lease hardware.










share|improve this question























  • 8





    IIRC, the USA at that time had more manufacturing output than the rest of the world combined.

    – T.E.D.
    Jun 13 at 20:00












  • Naval construction takes a long time. USA was far behind in tank design, so nothing useful was available to sell. Therefore, only air industry was able to export material. Small guns were also sold by USA as well.

    – Santiago
    Jun 13 at 20:16






  • 2





    Don’t confuse the US government with US companies. The companies wanted to sell things. At that time a lot of naval construction was still done by Navy shipyards, particularly the big ships.

    – Jon Custer
    Jun 13 at 20:35






  • 1





    @T.E.D.: That was after WW2, not before...

    – Denis de Bernardy
    Jun 13 at 20:35






  • 8





    What has your preliminary research shown? This question has too many opinions and not enough research. What does isolationism have to do with sales? How many other aircraft manufacturers were there? I can pretty well guarantee that the US Air Force was inferior to the rest of the world prior to WWII since it wasn't created until 1947.

    – Mark C. Wallace
    Jun 13 at 21:13


















5

















I am wondering why there are so much airplanes made in USA in the world's air forces prior to WW2, since I don't think the US Air Force had the better reputation.
You can count the:



  • Glenn Martin fighter

  • Brewster F2A Buffalo fighter

  • Martin Twin engine bombers in multiple variants

  • ...

How did the US, with their isolationism, concluded so many contracts? And why only in air forces and not in naval or land warfare?



I am not speaking of the lend lease hardware.










share|improve this question























  • 8





    IIRC, the USA at that time had more manufacturing output than the rest of the world combined.

    – T.E.D.
    Jun 13 at 20:00












  • Naval construction takes a long time. USA was far behind in tank design, so nothing useful was available to sell. Therefore, only air industry was able to export material. Small guns were also sold by USA as well.

    – Santiago
    Jun 13 at 20:16






  • 2





    Don’t confuse the US government with US companies. The companies wanted to sell things. At that time a lot of naval construction was still done by Navy shipyards, particularly the big ships.

    – Jon Custer
    Jun 13 at 20:35






  • 1





    @T.E.D.: That was after WW2, not before...

    – Denis de Bernardy
    Jun 13 at 20:35






  • 8





    What has your preliminary research shown? This question has too many opinions and not enough research. What does isolationism have to do with sales? How many other aircraft manufacturers were there? I can pretty well guarantee that the US Air Force was inferior to the rest of the world prior to WWII since it wasn't created until 1947.

    – Mark C. Wallace
    Jun 13 at 21:13














5












5








5








I am wondering why there are so much airplanes made in USA in the world's air forces prior to WW2, since I don't think the US Air Force had the better reputation.
You can count the:



  • Glenn Martin fighter

  • Brewster F2A Buffalo fighter

  • Martin Twin engine bombers in multiple variants

  • ...

How did the US, with their isolationism, concluded so many contracts? And why only in air forces and not in naval or land warfare?



I am not speaking of the lend lease hardware.










share|improve this question

















I am wondering why there are so much airplanes made in USA in the world's air forces prior to WW2, since I don't think the US Air Force had the better reputation.
You can count the:



  • Glenn Martin fighter

  • Brewster F2A Buffalo fighter

  • Martin Twin engine bombers in multiple variants

  • ...

How did the US, with their isolationism, concluded so many contracts? And why only in air forces and not in naval or land warfare?



I am not speaking of the lend lease hardware.







united-states 20th-century aviation






share|improve this question
















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited Jun 13 at 21:12









Mark C. Wallace

24.8k9 gold badges77 silver badges121 bronze badges




24.8k9 gold badges77 silver badges121 bronze badges










asked Jun 13 at 19:26









totalMongottotalMongot

6293 silver badges15 bronze badges




6293 silver badges15 bronze badges










  • 8





    IIRC, the USA at that time had more manufacturing output than the rest of the world combined.

    – T.E.D.
    Jun 13 at 20:00












  • Naval construction takes a long time. USA was far behind in tank design, so nothing useful was available to sell. Therefore, only air industry was able to export material. Small guns were also sold by USA as well.

    – Santiago
    Jun 13 at 20:16






  • 2





    Don’t confuse the US government with US companies. The companies wanted to sell things. At that time a lot of naval construction was still done by Navy shipyards, particularly the big ships.

    – Jon Custer
    Jun 13 at 20:35






  • 1





    @T.E.D.: That was after WW2, not before...

    – Denis de Bernardy
    Jun 13 at 20:35






  • 8





    What has your preliminary research shown? This question has too many opinions and not enough research. What does isolationism have to do with sales? How many other aircraft manufacturers were there? I can pretty well guarantee that the US Air Force was inferior to the rest of the world prior to WWII since it wasn't created until 1947.

    – Mark C. Wallace
    Jun 13 at 21:13













  • 8





    IIRC, the USA at that time had more manufacturing output than the rest of the world combined.

    – T.E.D.
    Jun 13 at 20:00












  • Naval construction takes a long time. USA was far behind in tank design, so nothing useful was available to sell. Therefore, only air industry was able to export material. Small guns were also sold by USA as well.

    – Santiago
    Jun 13 at 20:16






  • 2





    Don’t confuse the US government with US companies. The companies wanted to sell things. At that time a lot of naval construction was still done by Navy shipyards, particularly the big ships.

    – Jon Custer
    Jun 13 at 20:35






  • 1





    @T.E.D.: That was after WW2, not before...

    – Denis de Bernardy
    Jun 13 at 20:35






  • 8





    What has your preliminary research shown? This question has too many opinions and not enough research. What does isolationism have to do with sales? How many other aircraft manufacturers were there? I can pretty well guarantee that the US Air Force was inferior to the rest of the world prior to WWII since it wasn't created until 1947.

    – Mark C. Wallace
    Jun 13 at 21:13








8




8





IIRC, the USA at that time had more manufacturing output than the rest of the world combined.

– T.E.D.
Jun 13 at 20:00






IIRC, the USA at that time had more manufacturing output than the rest of the world combined.

– T.E.D.
Jun 13 at 20:00














Naval construction takes a long time. USA was far behind in tank design, so nothing useful was available to sell. Therefore, only air industry was able to export material. Small guns were also sold by USA as well.

– Santiago
Jun 13 at 20:16





Naval construction takes a long time. USA was far behind in tank design, so nothing useful was available to sell. Therefore, only air industry was able to export material. Small guns were also sold by USA as well.

– Santiago
Jun 13 at 20:16




2




2





Don’t confuse the US government with US companies. The companies wanted to sell things. At that time a lot of naval construction was still done by Navy shipyards, particularly the big ships.

– Jon Custer
Jun 13 at 20:35





Don’t confuse the US government with US companies. The companies wanted to sell things. At that time a lot of naval construction was still done by Navy shipyards, particularly the big ships.

– Jon Custer
Jun 13 at 20:35




1




1





@T.E.D.: That was after WW2, not before...

– Denis de Bernardy
Jun 13 at 20:35





@T.E.D.: That was after WW2, not before...

– Denis de Bernardy
Jun 13 at 20:35




8




8





What has your preliminary research shown? This question has too many opinions and not enough research. What does isolationism have to do with sales? How many other aircraft manufacturers were there? I can pretty well guarantee that the US Air Force was inferior to the rest of the world prior to WWII since it wasn't created until 1947.

– Mark C. Wallace
Jun 13 at 21:13






What has your preliminary research shown? This question has too many opinions and not enough research. What does isolationism have to do with sales? How many other aircraft manufacturers were there? I can pretty well guarantee that the US Air Force was inferior to the rest of the world prior to WWII since it wasn't created until 1947.

– Mark C. Wallace
Jun 13 at 21:13











2 Answers
2






active

oldest

votes


















18


















US actually didn't sell so many planes between wars



Although the US was an industrial powerhouse in that period (something like China today), military planes were still something new and experimental for most smaller and poorer countries. Yes, they did participate in WW1, but question remained of how effective they were and how effective they would be in future wars. How much should a country spend on military aviation, should they import them (and risk dependency and obsolesce in fast-changing field) or should they try to develop their own?



Most medium-sized countries tried to tinker with their own domestic aviation industry, at the same time importing limited quantities of foreign-built aircraft. Initially, US companies were not particularly successful, because the US aircraft industry was not especially advanced. For reference, in WW1 the US used almost exclusively French-built planes. In fact, between wars, the French aviation industry was dominant, and sold lot of planes like the ubiquitous Breguet 19.



The situation changed only in the late thirties, as war became more and more certain. Reasons for this were two-fold. First, technologically the US became one of only a few countries that could independently produce modern aircraft engines. Engines, then as today, separate amateurs from professionals in the aviation business. Countries that could develop engines were free from restrictions on what kind and how many aircraft they could produce. The second reason was the relative isolation and neutrality of the US at the beginning of the war. While other industrial nations prepared themselves for war, therefore having limited capacity for export, US was able to use its geographical position to actually sell military planes to them. One example would be France's desperate purchase of the P-36 Hawk. Although France arguably had better designs in pipeline, sheer need to increase number of available planes quickly forced them to employ the US aviation industry.



As for your question about land and naval forces: before and at the beginning of WW2, Allied countries (France and Britain) had clear naval superiority over Germany, and even over Germany + Italy. There was no urgent need to buy foreign ships with their own shipbuilding industry being vastly superior. The situation did change when Germany started to use large numbers of coordinated U-boats (Wolfpacks) and Japan joined the game. After that the US shipbuilding industry got into full swing.



As for tanks, artillery, and other land based equipment, US Army was a bit of an orphan both then and now. US policy of isolationism emphasized a strong Navy and later a strong air force. The US Army on the other hand still used lot of WW1 equipment. The first US-built tanks appeared only in 1934-1935. Only after lightning German victories at the beginning of the war did the US reshape its stance on armored warfare.






share|improve this answer























  • 1





    There's also a geographic influence - the US only has 2 land boarders with other countries, neither of are millitaristic in the 20th century. European countries had antagonistic nations in the vicinity forever. So shorter-range weapons are of more use in Europe, compared to the US where the battle front is generally a long way from home.

    – Criggie
    Jun 14 at 7:28











  • Wiki's list of most produced airplanes - sort by production period to get pre-WW2 planes to the top.The Soviets made lots of Po-2s. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most-produced_aircraft

    – David D
    Jun 14 at 16:53






  • 1





    @DavidD Yes but Po-2 was agricultural airplane, that was converted for military service only in 1941 under duress. Also, export of this plane really started after the war, before that it was almost exclusively Soviet.

    – rs.29
    Jun 14 at 22:36


















3



















Question:

I am wondering why there are so much airplanes made in USA in the world's air forces prior to WW2, since I don't think the US Air Force had the better reputation. You can count the:



  • Glenn Martin fighter

  • Brewster F2A Buffalo fighter

  • Martin Twin engine bombers in multiple variants



Short Answer:



It wasn't really about the quality of the product or the cost. It was about countries desperate for modern warplanes as either war was on the horizon or already upon their doors. The countries with superior offerings, like Britain were desperate to add more planes to account for their limited domestic production. Other countries like Finland and Belgium were even more motivated to take any modern equipment available.



When WWII began prior to the United States entering, all "modern" monoplane fighters were in high demand. The United States was a country with some limited airplane production during this interwar period and was willing to allocated significant parts of that modest production to countries desperate to catch up to Germany in re-armament.




Detailed Answer



The United States did not maintain interwar aircraft production capacity to maintain it's own modest needs much less act as a significant exporter of aircraft. As late as 1938 the US Army Air Corps had 10% fewer planes than authorized by Congress. In 1939 the United States only produced 921 warplanes, including bombers, torpedo planes and fighters. In 1940 1,771. The interwar production capabilities of the United States were a far cry from WWII peek of 1944 when the United States was producing 74,564 combat aircraft per year.




1938

-Aviation in the US. Army, 1919- 1939

The Air Corps then owned 2,100 serviceable planes, 220 below the
number authorized by Congress. President Roosevelt believed the Air Corps
needed 20,000 but did not think Congress would approve so many. He called
for production of 10,000 aircraft for the Army over 2 years. Generals Arnold,
Craig, and Marshall were among those who heard the President outline his
program at the White House on November 14, 1938. Afterwards, they tried
to balance airplane production with provisions for pilots, maintenance,
supplies, and facilities. The War Department also sought to balance the
Army as a whole. The Navy asked for more money. This was not what the
President had in mind, but he adjusted his program and on January 12, 1939,
asked Congress for $300 million to produce at least 3,000 aircraft. Congress
responded by raising the Army’s airplane authorization from 2,320 to 5,500,
approving procurement of 3,251 planes, appropriating money to start the
program, and raising the officer authorization to 3,203 and the enlisted to
45,OJOO.




So while the US had production it had nowhere near the production we think of when we think of WWII. In the Interwar period the United States didn't even purchase enough modern war planes for it's own use to justify competitive production cycles with the great powers of Europe.



As for the planes you mentioned.



Brewster Buffalo was introduced April 1939. It was sold to Britain, Netherlands and Finland once WWII began. Even though it was a new plane and the United States was desperately trying to modernize it's own air service, the United States sold the Buffalo as surplus in a pre lend lease policy of exporting arms to Europe. Although it was inferior to both Britain and German contemporary aircraft it was still deemed useful for countries desperate for any military aircraft once WWI began.



Brewster Buffalo




American Reporter —Ralph Ingersoll wrote:
In late 1940 after visiting Britain that "The best American fighter planes already delivered to the British are used by them either as advanced trainers --or for fighting equally obsolete Italian planes in the Middle East. That is all they are good for" —in the early years of World War II all modern monoplane fighter types were in high demand. Consequently, the United Kingdom, Belgium, and the Netherlands East Indies purchased several hundred export models of the Buffalo




Martin B-10

Is probable the best example for your question. While it was introduced in 1934 and was a significant achievement for the US airplane producers at that time it was obsolete by the time WWII came around. It was built as a private venture by the company, it's sales correspond to it's performance and inexpensive price. As one of the first mass produced bombers.




The export version was the Model 139W. Argentina received 25, China (9) nine, Siam (6) six, Turkey (20) twenty, Russia (1) one, and the Netherlands 117. Only the first 39 Netherland aircraft were 139Ws which was similar to the B-10B. The remainder were designated as the Model 166 which had a long greenhouse canopy connecting both the forward and rear cockpits.3




The total production of all B-10 versions was 348 aircraft with 166 for the USAAC and 182 for export. Operators included Argentina, China, Netherlands, Philippines, Thailand and Turkey.



Martin fighter

I could find no record of Martin ever making a fighter plane in either WWI or WWII. It was famous for it's bombers in WWII and trainers in WWI.



Sources:



  • Brewster F2A Buffalo

  • United States Aircraft Production During WWII

  • 300,000 Airplanes

  • Aviation in the US. Army, 1919- 1939

  • Martin B-10





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    2 Answers
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    2 Answers
    2






    active

    oldest

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    active

    oldest

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    active

    oldest

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    18


















    US actually didn't sell so many planes between wars



    Although the US was an industrial powerhouse in that period (something like China today), military planes were still something new and experimental for most smaller and poorer countries. Yes, they did participate in WW1, but question remained of how effective they were and how effective they would be in future wars. How much should a country spend on military aviation, should they import them (and risk dependency and obsolesce in fast-changing field) or should they try to develop their own?



    Most medium-sized countries tried to tinker with their own domestic aviation industry, at the same time importing limited quantities of foreign-built aircraft. Initially, US companies were not particularly successful, because the US aircraft industry was not especially advanced. For reference, in WW1 the US used almost exclusively French-built planes. In fact, between wars, the French aviation industry was dominant, and sold lot of planes like the ubiquitous Breguet 19.



    The situation changed only in the late thirties, as war became more and more certain. Reasons for this were two-fold. First, technologically the US became one of only a few countries that could independently produce modern aircraft engines. Engines, then as today, separate amateurs from professionals in the aviation business. Countries that could develop engines were free from restrictions on what kind and how many aircraft they could produce. The second reason was the relative isolation and neutrality of the US at the beginning of the war. While other industrial nations prepared themselves for war, therefore having limited capacity for export, US was able to use its geographical position to actually sell military planes to them. One example would be France's desperate purchase of the P-36 Hawk. Although France arguably had better designs in pipeline, sheer need to increase number of available planes quickly forced them to employ the US aviation industry.



    As for your question about land and naval forces: before and at the beginning of WW2, Allied countries (France and Britain) had clear naval superiority over Germany, and even over Germany + Italy. There was no urgent need to buy foreign ships with their own shipbuilding industry being vastly superior. The situation did change when Germany started to use large numbers of coordinated U-boats (Wolfpacks) and Japan joined the game. After that the US shipbuilding industry got into full swing.



    As for tanks, artillery, and other land based equipment, US Army was a bit of an orphan both then and now. US policy of isolationism emphasized a strong Navy and later a strong air force. The US Army on the other hand still used lot of WW1 equipment. The first US-built tanks appeared only in 1934-1935. Only after lightning German victories at the beginning of the war did the US reshape its stance on armored warfare.






    share|improve this answer























    • 1





      There's also a geographic influence - the US only has 2 land boarders with other countries, neither of are millitaristic in the 20th century. European countries had antagonistic nations in the vicinity forever. So shorter-range weapons are of more use in Europe, compared to the US where the battle front is generally a long way from home.

      – Criggie
      Jun 14 at 7:28











    • Wiki's list of most produced airplanes - sort by production period to get pre-WW2 planes to the top.The Soviets made lots of Po-2s. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most-produced_aircraft

      – David D
      Jun 14 at 16:53






    • 1





      @DavidD Yes but Po-2 was agricultural airplane, that was converted for military service only in 1941 under duress. Also, export of this plane really started after the war, before that it was almost exclusively Soviet.

      – rs.29
      Jun 14 at 22:36















    18


















    US actually didn't sell so many planes between wars



    Although the US was an industrial powerhouse in that period (something like China today), military planes were still something new and experimental for most smaller and poorer countries. Yes, they did participate in WW1, but question remained of how effective they were and how effective they would be in future wars. How much should a country spend on military aviation, should they import them (and risk dependency and obsolesce in fast-changing field) or should they try to develop their own?



    Most medium-sized countries tried to tinker with their own domestic aviation industry, at the same time importing limited quantities of foreign-built aircraft. Initially, US companies were not particularly successful, because the US aircraft industry was not especially advanced. For reference, in WW1 the US used almost exclusively French-built planes. In fact, between wars, the French aviation industry was dominant, and sold lot of planes like the ubiquitous Breguet 19.



    The situation changed only in the late thirties, as war became more and more certain. Reasons for this were two-fold. First, technologically the US became one of only a few countries that could independently produce modern aircraft engines. Engines, then as today, separate amateurs from professionals in the aviation business. Countries that could develop engines were free from restrictions on what kind and how many aircraft they could produce. The second reason was the relative isolation and neutrality of the US at the beginning of the war. While other industrial nations prepared themselves for war, therefore having limited capacity for export, US was able to use its geographical position to actually sell military planes to them. One example would be France's desperate purchase of the P-36 Hawk. Although France arguably had better designs in pipeline, sheer need to increase number of available planes quickly forced them to employ the US aviation industry.



    As for your question about land and naval forces: before and at the beginning of WW2, Allied countries (France and Britain) had clear naval superiority over Germany, and even over Germany + Italy. There was no urgent need to buy foreign ships with their own shipbuilding industry being vastly superior. The situation did change when Germany started to use large numbers of coordinated U-boats (Wolfpacks) and Japan joined the game. After that the US shipbuilding industry got into full swing.



    As for tanks, artillery, and other land based equipment, US Army was a bit of an orphan both then and now. US policy of isolationism emphasized a strong Navy and later a strong air force. The US Army on the other hand still used lot of WW1 equipment. The first US-built tanks appeared only in 1934-1935. Only after lightning German victories at the beginning of the war did the US reshape its stance on armored warfare.






    share|improve this answer























    • 1





      There's also a geographic influence - the US only has 2 land boarders with other countries, neither of are millitaristic in the 20th century. European countries had antagonistic nations in the vicinity forever. So shorter-range weapons are of more use in Europe, compared to the US where the battle front is generally a long way from home.

      – Criggie
      Jun 14 at 7:28











    • Wiki's list of most produced airplanes - sort by production period to get pre-WW2 planes to the top.The Soviets made lots of Po-2s. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most-produced_aircraft

      – David D
      Jun 14 at 16:53






    • 1





      @DavidD Yes but Po-2 was agricultural airplane, that was converted for military service only in 1941 under duress. Also, export of this plane really started after the war, before that it was almost exclusively Soviet.

      – rs.29
      Jun 14 at 22:36













    18














    18










    18









    US actually didn't sell so many planes between wars



    Although the US was an industrial powerhouse in that period (something like China today), military planes were still something new and experimental for most smaller and poorer countries. Yes, they did participate in WW1, but question remained of how effective they were and how effective they would be in future wars. How much should a country spend on military aviation, should they import them (and risk dependency and obsolesce in fast-changing field) or should they try to develop their own?



    Most medium-sized countries tried to tinker with their own domestic aviation industry, at the same time importing limited quantities of foreign-built aircraft. Initially, US companies were not particularly successful, because the US aircraft industry was not especially advanced. For reference, in WW1 the US used almost exclusively French-built planes. In fact, between wars, the French aviation industry was dominant, and sold lot of planes like the ubiquitous Breguet 19.



    The situation changed only in the late thirties, as war became more and more certain. Reasons for this were two-fold. First, technologically the US became one of only a few countries that could independently produce modern aircraft engines. Engines, then as today, separate amateurs from professionals in the aviation business. Countries that could develop engines were free from restrictions on what kind and how many aircraft they could produce. The second reason was the relative isolation and neutrality of the US at the beginning of the war. While other industrial nations prepared themselves for war, therefore having limited capacity for export, US was able to use its geographical position to actually sell military planes to them. One example would be France's desperate purchase of the P-36 Hawk. Although France arguably had better designs in pipeline, sheer need to increase number of available planes quickly forced them to employ the US aviation industry.



    As for your question about land and naval forces: before and at the beginning of WW2, Allied countries (France and Britain) had clear naval superiority over Germany, and even over Germany + Italy. There was no urgent need to buy foreign ships with their own shipbuilding industry being vastly superior. The situation did change when Germany started to use large numbers of coordinated U-boats (Wolfpacks) and Japan joined the game. After that the US shipbuilding industry got into full swing.



    As for tanks, artillery, and other land based equipment, US Army was a bit of an orphan both then and now. US policy of isolationism emphasized a strong Navy and later a strong air force. The US Army on the other hand still used lot of WW1 equipment. The first US-built tanks appeared only in 1934-1935. Only after lightning German victories at the beginning of the war did the US reshape its stance on armored warfare.






    share|improve this answer
















    US actually didn't sell so many planes between wars



    Although the US was an industrial powerhouse in that period (something like China today), military planes were still something new and experimental for most smaller and poorer countries. Yes, they did participate in WW1, but question remained of how effective they were and how effective they would be in future wars. How much should a country spend on military aviation, should they import them (and risk dependency and obsolesce in fast-changing field) or should they try to develop their own?



    Most medium-sized countries tried to tinker with their own domestic aviation industry, at the same time importing limited quantities of foreign-built aircraft. Initially, US companies were not particularly successful, because the US aircraft industry was not especially advanced. For reference, in WW1 the US used almost exclusively French-built planes. In fact, between wars, the French aviation industry was dominant, and sold lot of planes like the ubiquitous Breguet 19.



    The situation changed only in the late thirties, as war became more and more certain. Reasons for this were two-fold. First, technologically the US became one of only a few countries that could independently produce modern aircraft engines. Engines, then as today, separate amateurs from professionals in the aviation business. Countries that could develop engines were free from restrictions on what kind and how many aircraft they could produce. The second reason was the relative isolation and neutrality of the US at the beginning of the war. While other industrial nations prepared themselves for war, therefore having limited capacity for export, US was able to use its geographical position to actually sell military planes to them. One example would be France's desperate purchase of the P-36 Hawk. Although France arguably had better designs in pipeline, sheer need to increase number of available planes quickly forced them to employ the US aviation industry.



    As for your question about land and naval forces: before and at the beginning of WW2, Allied countries (France and Britain) had clear naval superiority over Germany, and even over Germany + Italy. There was no urgent need to buy foreign ships with their own shipbuilding industry being vastly superior. The situation did change when Germany started to use large numbers of coordinated U-boats (Wolfpacks) and Japan joined the game. After that the US shipbuilding industry got into full swing.



    As for tanks, artillery, and other land based equipment, US Army was a bit of an orphan both then and now. US policy of isolationism emphasized a strong Navy and later a strong air force. The US Army on the other hand still used lot of WW1 equipment. The first US-built tanks appeared only in 1934-1935. Only after lightning German victories at the beginning of the war did the US reshape its stance on armored warfare.







    share|improve this answer















    share|improve this answer




    share|improve this answer








    edited Jun 14 at 16:40









    fooot

    1053 bronze badges




    1053 bronze badges










    answered Jun 13 at 22:07









    rs.29rs.29

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    • 1





      There's also a geographic influence - the US only has 2 land boarders with other countries, neither of are millitaristic in the 20th century. European countries had antagonistic nations in the vicinity forever. So shorter-range weapons are of more use in Europe, compared to the US where the battle front is generally a long way from home.

      – Criggie
      Jun 14 at 7:28











    • Wiki's list of most produced airplanes - sort by production period to get pre-WW2 planes to the top.The Soviets made lots of Po-2s. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most-produced_aircraft

      – David D
      Jun 14 at 16:53






    • 1





      @DavidD Yes but Po-2 was agricultural airplane, that was converted for military service only in 1941 under duress. Also, export of this plane really started after the war, before that it was almost exclusively Soviet.

      – rs.29
      Jun 14 at 22:36












    • 1





      There's also a geographic influence - the US only has 2 land boarders with other countries, neither of are millitaristic in the 20th century. European countries had antagonistic nations in the vicinity forever. So shorter-range weapons are of more use in Europe, compared to the US where the battle front is generally a long way from home.

      – Criggie
      Jun 14 at 7:28











    • Wiki's list of most produced airplanes - sort by production period to get pre-WW2 planes to the top.The Soviets made lots of Po-2s. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most-produced_aircraft

      – David D
      Jun 14 at 16:53






    • 1





      @DavidD Yes but Po-2 was agricultural airplane, that was converted for military service only in 1941 under duress. Also, export of this plane really started after the war, before that it was almost exclusively Soviet.

      – rs.29
      Jun 14 at 22:36







    1




    1





    There's also a geographic influence - the US only has 2 land boarders with other countries, neither of are millitaristic in the 20th century. European countries had antagonistic nations in the vicinity forever. So shorter-range weapons are of more use in Europe, compared to the US where the battle front is generally a long way from home.

    – Criggie
    Jun 14 at 7:28





    There's also a geographic influence - the US only has 2 land boarders with other countries, neither of are millitaristic in the 20th century. European countries had antagonistic nations in the vicinity forever. So shorter-range weapons are of more use in Europe, compared to the US where the battle front is generally a long way from home.

    – Criggie
    Jun 14 at 7:28













    Wiki's list of most produced airplanes - sort by production period to get pre-WW2 planes to the top.The Soviets made lots of Po-2s. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most-produced_aircraft

    – David D
    Jun 14 at 16:53





    Wiki's list of most produced airplanes - sort by production period to get pre-WW2 planes to the top.The Soviets made lots of Po-2s. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_most-produced_aircraft

    – David D
    Jun 14 at 16:53




    1




    1





    @DavidD Yes but Po-2 was agricultural airplane, that was converted for military service only in 1941 under duress. Also, export of this plane really started after the war, before that it was almost exclusively Soviet.

    – rs.29
    Jun 14 at 22:36





    @DavidD Yes but Po-2 was agricultural airplane, that was converted for military service only in 1941 under duress. Also, export of this plane really started after the war, before that it was almost exclusively Soviet.

    – rs.29
    Jun 14 at 22:36













    3



















    Question:

    I am wondering why there are so much airplanes made in USA in the world's air forces prior to WW2, since I don't think the US Air Force had the better reputation. You can count the:



    • Glenn Martin fighter

    • Brewster F2A Buffalo fighter

    • Martin Twin engine bombers in multiple variants



    Short Answer:



    It wasn't really about the quality of the product or the cost. It was about countries desperate for modern warplanes as either war was on the horizon or already upon their doors. The countries with superior offerings, like Britain were desperate to add more planes to account for their limited domestic production. Other countries like Finland and Belgium were even more motivated to take any modern equipment available.



    When WWII began prior to the United States entering, all "modern" monoplane fighters were in high demand. The United States was a country with some limited airplane production during this interwar period and was willing to allocated significant parts of that modest production to countries desperate to catch up to Germany in re-armament.




    Detailed Answer



    The United States did not maintain interwar aircraft production capacity to maintain it's own modest needs much less act as a significant exporter of aircraft. As late as 1938 the US Army Air Corps had 10% fewer planes than authorized by Congress. In 1939 the United States only produced 921 warplanes, including bombers, torpedo planes and fighters. In 1940 1,771. The interwar production capabilities of the United States were a far cry from WWII peek of 1944 when the United States was producing 74,564 combat aircraft per year.




    1938

    -Aviation in the US. Army, 1919- 1939

    The Air Corps then owned 2,100 serviceable planes, 220 below the
    number authorized by Congress. President Roosevelt believed the Air Corps
    needed 20,000 but did not think Congress would approve so many. He called
    for production of 10,000 aircraft for the Army over 2 years. Generals Arnold,
    Craig, and Marshall were among those who heard the President outline his
    program at the White House on November 14, 1938. Afterwards, they tried
    to balance airplane production with provisions for pilots, maintenance,
    supplies, and facilities. The War Department also sought to balance the
    Army as a whole. The Navy asked for more money. This was not what the
    President had in mind, but he adjusted his program and on January 12, 1939,
    asked Congress for $300 million to produce at least 3,000 aircraft. Congress
    responded by raising the Army’s airplane authorization from 2,320 to 5,500,
    approving procurement of 3,251 planes, appropriating money to start the
    program, and raising the officer authorization to 3,203 and the enlisted to
    45,OJOO.




    So while the US had production it had nowhere near the production we think of when we think of WWII. In the Interwar period the United States didn't even purchase enough modern war planes for it's own use to justify competitive production cycles with the great powers of Europe.



    As for the planes you mentioned.



    Brewster Buffalo was introduced April 1939. It was sold to Britain, Netherlands and Finland once WWII began. Even though it was a new plane and the United States was desperately trying to modernize it's own air service, the United States sold the Buffalo as surplus in a pre lend lease policy of exporting arms to Europe. Although it was inferior to both Britain and German contemporary aircraft it was still deemed useful for countries desperate for any military aircraft once WWI began.



    Brewster Buffalo




    American Reporter —Ralph Ingersoll wrote:
    In late 1940 after visiting Britain that "The best American fighter planes already delivered to the British are used by them either as advanced trainers --or for fighting equally obsolete Italian planes in the Middle East. That is all they are good for" —in the early years of World War II all modern monoplane fighter types were in high demand. Consequently, the United Kingdom, Belgium, and the Netherlands East Indies purchased several hundred export models of the Buffalo




    Martin B-10

    Is probable the best example for your question. While it was introduced in 1934 and was a significant achievement for the US airplane producers at that time it was obsolete by the time WWII came around. It was built as a private venture by the company, it's sales correspond to it's performance and inexpensive price. As one of the first mass produced bombers.




    The export version was the Model 139W. Argentina received 25, China (9) nine, Siam (6) six, Turkey (20) twenty, Russia (1) one, and the Netherlands 117. Only the first 39 Netherland aircraft were 139Ws which was similar to the B-10B. The remainder were designated as the Model 166 which had a long greenhouse canopy connecting both the forward and rear cockpits.3




    The total production of all B-10 versions was 348 aircraft with 166 for the USAAC and 182 for export. Operators included Argentina, China, Netherlands, Philippines, Thailand and Turkey.



    Martin fighter

    I could find no record of Martin ever making a fighter plane in either WWI or WWII. It was famous for it's bombers in WWII and trainers in WWI.



    Sources:



    • Brewster F2A Buffalo

    • United States Aircraft Production During WWII

    • 300,000 Airplanes

    • Aviation in the US. Army, 1919- 1939

    • Martin B-10





    share|improve this answer
































      3



















      Question:

      I am wondering why there are so much airplanes made in USA in the world's air forces prior to WW2, since I don't think the US Air Force had the better reputation. You can count the:



      • Glenn Martin fighter

      • Brewster F2A Buffalo fighter

      • Martin Twin engine bombers in multiple variants



      Short Answer:



      It wasn't really about the quality of the product or the cost. It was about countries desperate for modern warplanes as either war was on the horizon or already upon their doors. The countries with superior offerings, like Britain were desperate to add more planes to account for their limited domestic production. Other countries like Finland and Belgium were even more motivated to take any modern equipment available.



      When WWII began prior to the United States entering, all "modern" monoplane fighters were in high demand. The United States was a country with some limited airplane production during this interwar period and was willing to allocated significant parts of that modest production to countries desperate to catch up to Germany in re-armament.




      Detailed Answer



      The United States did not maintain interwar aircraft production capacity to maintain it's own modest needs much less act as a significant exporter of aircraft. As late as 1938 the US Army Air Corps had 10% fewer planes than authorized by Congress. In 1939 the United States only produced 921 warplanes, including bombers, torpedo planes and fighters. In 1940 1,771. The interwar production capabilities of the United States were a far cry from WWII peek of 1944 when the United States was producing 74,564 combat aircraft per year.




      1938

      -Aviation in the US. Army, 1919- 1939

      The Air Corps then owned 2,100 serviceable planes, 220 below the
      number authorized by Congress. President Roosevelt believed the Air Corps
      needed 20,000 but did not think Congress would approve so many. He called
      for production of 10,000 aircraft for the Army over 2 years. Generals Arnold,
      Craig, and Marshall were among those who heard the President outline his
      program at the White House on November 14, 1938. Afterwards, they tried
      to balance airplane production with provisions for pilots, maintenance,
      supplies, and facilities. The War Department also sought to balance the
      Army as a whole. The Navy asked for more money. This was not what the
      President had in mind, but he adjusted his program and on January 12, 1939,
      asked Congress for $300 million to produce at least 3,000 aircraft. Congress
      responded by raising the Army’s airplane authorization from 2,320 to 5,500,
      approving procurement of 3,251 planes, appropriating money to start the
      program, and raising the officer authorization to 3,203 and the enlisted to
      45,OJOO.




      So while the US had production it had nowhere near the production we think of when we think of WWII. In the Interwar period the United States didn't even purchase enough modern war planes for it's own use to justify competitive production cycles with the great powers of Europe.



      As for the planes you mentioned.



      Brewster Buffalo was introduced April 1939. It was sold to Britain, Netherlands and Finland once WWII began. Even though it was a new plane and the United States was desperately trying to modernize it's own air service, the United States sold the Buffalo as surplus in a pre lend lease policy of exporting arms to Europe. Although it was inferior to both Britain and German contemporary aircraft it was still deemed useful for countries desperate for any military aircraft once WWI began.



      Brewster Buffalo




      American Reporter —Ralph Ingersoll wrote:
      In late 1940 after visiting Britain that "The best American fighter planes already delivered to the British are used by them either as advanced trainers --or for fighting equally obsolete Italian planes in the Middle East. That is all they are good for" —in the early years of World War II all modern monoplane fighter types were in high demand. Consequently, the United Kingdom, Belgium, and the Netherlands East Indies purchased several hundred export models of the Buffalo




      Martin B-10

      Is probable the best example for your question. While it was introduced in 1934 and was a significant achievement for the US airplane producers at that time it was obsolete by the time WWII came around. It was built as a private venture by the company, it's sales correspond to it's performance and inexpensive price. As one of the first mass produced bombers.




      The export version was the Model 139W. Argentina received 25, China (9) nine, Siam (6) six, Turkey (20) twenty, Russia (1) one, and the Netherlands 117. Only the first 39 Netherland aircraft were 139Ws which was similar to the B-10B. The remainder were designated as the Model 166 which had a long greenhouse canopy connecting both the forward and rear cockpits.3




      The total production of all B-10 versions was 348 aircraft with 166 for the USAAC and 182 for export. Operators included Argentina, China, Netherlands, Philippines, Thailand and Turkey.



      Martin fighter

      I could find no record of Martin ever making a fighter plane in either WWI or WWII. It was famous for it's bombers in WWII and trainers in WWI.



      Sources:



      • Brewster F2A Buffalo

      • United States Aircraft Production During WWII

      • 300,000 Airplanes

      • Aviation in the US. Army, 1919- 1939

      • Martin B-10





      share|improve this answer






























        3














        3










        3










        Question:

        I am wondering why there are so much airplanes made in USA in the world's air forces prior to WW2, since I don't think the US Air Force had the better reputation. You can count the:



        • Glenn Martin fighter

        • Brewster F2A Buffalo fighter

        • Martin Twin engine bombers in multiple variants



        Short Answer:



        It wasn't really about the quality of the product or the cost. It was about countries desperate for modern warplanes as either war was on the horizon or already upon their doors. The countries with superior offerings, like Britain were desperate to add more planes to account for their limited domestic production. Other countries like Finland and Belgium were even more motivated to take any modern equipment available.



        When WWII began prior to the United States entering, all "modern" monoplane fighters were in high demand. The United States was a country with some limited airplane production during this interwar period and was willing to allocated significant parts of that modest production to countries desperate to catch up to Germany in re-armament.




        Detailed Answer



        The United States did not maintain interwar aircraft production capacity to maintain it's own modest needs much less act as a significant exporter of aircraft. As late as 1938 the US Army Air Corps had 10% fewer planes than authorized by Congress. In 1939 the United States only produced 921 warplanes, including bombers, torpedo planes and fighters. In 1940 1,771. The interwar production capabilities of the United States were a far cry from WWII peek of 1944 when the United States was producing 74,564 combat aircraft per year.




        1938

        -Aviation in the US. Army, 1919- 1939

        The Air Corps then owned 2,100 serviceable planes, 220 below the
        number authorized by Congress. President Roosevelt believed the Air Corps
        needed 20,000 but did not think Congress would approve so many. He called
        for production of 10,000 aircraft for the Army over 2 years. Generals Arnold,
        Craig, and Marshall were among those who heard the President outline his
        program at the White House on November 14, 1938. Afterwards, they tried
        to balance airplane production with provisions for pilots, maintenance,
        supplies, and facilities. The War Department also sought to balance the
        Army as a whole. The Navy asked for more money. This was not what the
        President had in mind, but he adjusted his program and on January 12, 1939,
        asked Congress for $300 million to produce at least 3,000 aircraft. Congress
        responded by raising the Army’s airplane authorization from 2,320 to 5,500,
        approving procurement of 3,251 planes, appropriating money to start the
        program, and raising the officer authorization to 3,203 and the enlisted to
        45,OJOO.




        So while the US had production it had nowhere near the production we think of when we think of WWII. In the Interwar period the United States didn't even purchase enough modern war planes for it's own use to justify competitive production cycles with the great powers of Europe.



        As for the planes you mentioned.



        Brewster Buffalo was introduced April 1939. It was sold to Britain, Netherlands and Finland once WWII began. Even though it was a new plane and the United States was desperately trying to modernize it's own air service, the United States sold the Buffalo as surplus in a pre lend lease policy of exporting arms to Europe. Although it was inferior to both Britain and German contemporary aircraft it was still deemed useful for countries desperate for any military aircraft once WWI began.



        Brewster Buffalo




        American Reporter —Ralph Ingersoll wrote:
        In late 1940 after visiting Britain that "The best American fighter planes already delivered to the British are used by them either as advanced trainers --or for fighting equally obsolete Italian planes in the Middle East. That is all they are good for" —in the early years of World War II all modern monoplane fighter types were in high demand. Consequently, the United Kingdom, Belgium, and the Netherlands East Indies purchased several hundred export models of the Buffalo




        Martin B-10

        Is probable the best example for your question. While it was introduced in 1934 and was a significant achievement for the US airplane producers at that time it was obsolete by the time WWII came around. It was built as a private venture by the company, it's sales correspond to it's performance and inexpensive price. As one of the first mass produced bombers.




        The export version was the Model 139W. Argentina received 25, China (9) nine, Siam (6) six, Turkey (20) twenty, Russia (1) one, and the Netherlands 117. Only the first 39 Netherland aircraft were 139Ws which was similar to the B-10B. The remainder were designated as the Model 166 which had a long greenhouse canopy connecting both the forward and rear cockpits.3




        The total production of all B-10 versions was 348 aircraft with 166 for the USAAC and 182 for export. Operators included Argentina, China, Netherlands, Philippines, Thailand and Turkey.



        Martin fighter

        I could find no record of Martin ever making a fighter plane in either WWI or WWII. It was famous for it's bombers in WWII and trainers in WWI.



        Sources:



        • Brewster F2A Buffalo

        • United States Aircraft Production During WWII

        • 300,000 Airplanes

        • Aviation in the US. Army, 1919- 1939

        • Martin B-10





        share|improve this answer

















        Question:

        I am wondering why there are so much airplanes made in USA in the world's air forces prior to WW2, since I don't think the US Air Force had the better reputation. You can count the:



        • Glenn Martin fighter

        • Brewster F2A Buffalo fighter

        • Martin Twin engine bombers in multiple variants



        Short Answer:



        It wasn't really about the quality of the product or the cost. It was about countries desperate for modern warplanes as either war was on the horizon or already upon their doors. The countries with superior offerings, like Britain were desperate to add more planes to account for their limited domestic production. Other countries like Finland and Belgium were even more motivated to take any modern equipment available.



        When WWII began prior to the United States entering, all "modern" monoplane fighters were in high demand. The United States was a country with some limited airplane production during this interwar period and was willing to allocated significant parts of that modest production to countries desperate to catch up to Germany in re-armament.




        Detailed Answer



        The United States did not maintain interwar aircraft production capacity to maintain it's own modest needs much less act as a significant exporter of aircraft. As late as 1938 the US Army Air Corps had 10% fewer planes than authorized by Congress. In 1939 the United States only produced 921 warplanes, including bombers, torpedo planes and fighters. In 1940 1,771. The interwar production capabilities of the United States were a far cry from WWII peek of 1944 when the United States was producing 74,564 combat aircraft per year.




        1938

        -Aviation in the US. Army, 1919- 1939

        The Air Corps then owned 2,100 serviceable planes, 220 below the
        number authorized by Congress. President Roosevelt believed the Air Corps
        needed 20,000 but did not think Congress would approve so many. He called
        for production of 10,000 aircraft for the Army over 2 years. Generals Arnold,
        Craig, and Marshall were among those who heard the President outline his
        program at the White House on November 14, 1938. Afterwards, they tried
        to balance airplane production with provisions for pilots, maintenance,
        supplies, and facilities. The War Department also sought to balance the
        Army as a whole. The Navy asked for more money. This was not what the
        President had in mind, but he adjusted his program and on January 12, 1939,
        asked Congress for $300 million to produce at least 3,000 aircraft. Congress
        responded by raising the Army’s airplane authorization from 2,320 to 5,500,
        approving procurement of 3,251 planes, appropriating money to start the
        program, and raising the officer authorization to 3,203 and the enlisted to
        45,OJOO.




        So while the US had production it had nowhere near the production we think of when we think of WWII. In the Interwar period the United States didn't even purchase enough modern war planes for it's own use to justify competitive production cycles with the great powers of Europe.



        As for the planes you mentioned.



        Brewster Buffalo was introduced April 1939. It was sold to Britain, Netherlands and Finland once WWII began. Even though it was a new plane and the United States was desperately trying to modernize it's own air service, the United States sold the Buffalo as surplus in a pre lend lease policy of exporting arms to Europe. Although it was inferior to both Britain and German contemporary aircraft it was still deemed useful for countries desperate for any military aircraft once WWI began.



        Brewster Buffalo




        American Reporter —Ralph Ingersoll wrote:
        In late 1940 after visiting Britain that "The best American fighter planes already delivered to the British are used by them either as advanced trainers --or for fighting equally obsolete Italian planes in the Middle East. That is all they are good for" —in the early years of World War II all modern monoplane fighter types were in high demand. Consequently, the United Kingdom, Belgium, and the Netherlands East Indies purchased several hundred export models of the Buffalo




        Martin B-10

        Is probable the best example for your question. While it was introduced in 1934 and was a significant achievement for the US airplane producers at that time it was obsolete by the time WWII came around. It was built as a private venture by the company, it's sales correspond to it's performance and inexpensive price. As one of the first mass produced bombers.




        The export version was the Model 139W. Argentina received 25, China (9) nine, Siam (6) six, Turkey (20) twenty, Russia (1) one, and the Netherlands 117. Only the first 39 Netherland aircraft were 139Ws which was similar to the B-10B. The remainder were designated as the Model 166 which had a long greenhouse canopy connecting both the forward and rear cockpits.3




        The total production of all B-10 versions was 348 aircraft with 166 for the USAAC and 182 for export. Operators included Argentina, China, Netherlands, Philippines, Thailand and Turkey.



        Martin fighter

        I could find no record of Martin ever making a fighter plane in either WWI or WWII. It was famous for it's bombers in WWII and trainers in WWI.



        Sources:



        • Brewster F2A Buffalo

        • United States Aircraft Production During WWII

        • 300,000 Airplanes

        • Aviation in the US. Army, 1919- 1939

        • Martin B-10






        share|improve this answer















        share|improve this answer




        share|improve this answer








        edited Jun 16 at 21:21

























        answered Jun 14 at 22:21









        JMSJMS

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