Pricing under risk-neutral probabilities for weird derivatives?Convexity of BS Equation for Call and PutHow to prove price of Asian option under geometric averaging is cheaper than a European call?Why Must Dividends Be Reinvested to Use Risk-Neutral Pricing?Black-Scholes call option formula, which probability measureAttempt of an analytical proof that a call price decreases as its strike increasesPricing of a derivative using Risk Neutral Valuation.Black-Scholes formula producing a negative number for a Call OptionExpectation of $frac S_T_2 S_T_1$ at $T_0$

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Pricing under risk-neutral probabilities for weird derivatives?


Convexity of BS Equation for Call and PutHow to prove price of Asian option under geometric averaging is cheaper than a European call?Why Must Dividends Be Reinvested to Use Risk-Neutral Pricing?Black-Scholes call option formula, which probability measureAttempt of an analytical proof that a call price decreases as its strike increasesPricing of a derivative using Risk Neutral Valuation.Black-Scholes formula producing a negative number for a Call OptionExpectation of $frac S_T_2 S_T_1$ at $T_0$






.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty
margin-bottom:0;

.everyonelovesstackoverflowposition:absolute;height:1px;width:1px;opacity:0;top:0;left:0;pointer-events:none;








2














$begingroup$


I would really appreciate some help to value a weird derivative that I've found in an assignment:



$$ X=(S_T_1-k)^+ = max(S_T_1-k;0) $$



which expires at time $T_2$ and uses the price at time $T_1$ (therefore $t<T_1<T_2$), using "R" (risk-neutral) probabilities. I tried to solve by doing:
$$ V_t=S_t times E_R [(S_T_1-k)times1_(S_T_1>k)times S_T_2^-1 | F_t] $$
where $1_(S_T_2>k)$ is a function that takes a value of 1 if the condition is met and 0 if it's not, and $F_t$ is the information set at $t$. Solved it assuming $S_t=S_0times e^(r+sigma^2/2)times t+sigmatimes W_t$ where $W_t$ is a Brownian Motion process, and got the expression:



$$ V_t=S_t times N(d_1) - ktimes N(d_2) $$



where $d_1=fracln(K)+(r+fracsigma22)times(T_2-T_1)sigma times sqrtT_2-T_1$
and $d_2=fracln(K)+(r+fracsigma22)times(T_2-t)sigma times sqrtT_2-t$ but I'm not sure this is even close to being correct.



Then I'm asked to price the same derivative under $Q$ (risk neutral probabilities) given that $T_1<t<T_2$.



Thanks in advance to whoever can provide some assistance.










share|improve this question












$endgroup$














  • $begingroup$
    What is going on with first line (double equal sign?) and 3rd line (how did you just factor $S_t$ but get $S_T_2^-1$ inside?). Use 1_ for indicators
    $endgroup$
    – Makina
    May 19 at 11:54











  • $begingroup$
    Fixed line 1. Thanks! In the third line, instead of using bonds to get the neutral-risk probabilities in order to calculate the replicating portfolio ($V_t$), I use an asset (in this case, the underlying asset). This is: $$ Vt=S_t * E_R [X * S_T | F_t] $$ Where $X$ is the function of the derivative, $t$ is any time of valuation prior to the expiration date, and $T$ is the time of expiration.
    $endgroup$
    – BorisD
    May 19 at 12:40






  • 3




    $begingroup$
    $Eleft(e^-rT_2(S_T_1-K)^+right) = e^-r(T_2-T_1)Eleft(e^-rT_1(S_T_1-K)^+right)$.
    $endgroup$
    – Gordon
    May 19 at 12:41










  • $begingroup$
    This is still unclear. The payoff formula does not use S(T2), as claimed in the text.
    $endgroup$
    – dm63
    May 19 at 13:19










  • $begingroup$
    Sorry. Fixed. Payoff formula does not use $S_T_2$.
    $endgroup$
    – BorisD
    May 19 at 13:21

















2














$begingroup$


I would really appreciate some help to value a weird derivative that I've found in an assignment:



$$ X=(S_T_1-k)^+ = max(S_T_1-k;0) $$



which expires at time $T_2$ and uses the price at time $T_1$ (therefore $t<T_1<T_2$), using "R" (risk-neutral) probabilities. I tried to solve by doing:
$$ V_t=S_t times E_R [(S_T_1-k)times1_(S_T_1>k)times S_T_2^-1 | F_t] $$
where $1_(S_T_2>k)$ is a function that takes a value of 1 if the condition is met and 0 if it's not, and $F_t$ is the information set at $t$. Solved it assuming $S_t=S_0times e^(r+sigma^2/2)times t+sigmatimes W_t$ where $W_t$ is a Brownian Motion process, and got the expression:



$$ V_t=S_t times N(d_1) - ktimes N(d_2) $$



where $d_1=fracln(K)+(r+fracsigma22)times(T_2-T_1)sigma times sqrtT_2-T_1$
and $d_2=fracln(K)+(r+fracsigma22)times(T_2-t)sigma times sqrtT_2-t$ but I'm not sure this is even close to being correct.



Then I'm asked to price the same derivative under $Q$ (risk neutral probabilities) given that $T_1<t<T_2$.



Thanks in advance to whoever can provide some assistance.










share|improve this question












$endgroup$














  • $begingroup$
    What is going on with first line (double equal sign?) and 3rd line (how did you just factor $S_t$ but get $S_T_2^-1$ inside?). Use 1_ for indicators
    $endgroup$
    – Makina
    May 19 at 11:54











  • $begingroup$
    Fixed line 1. Thanks! In the third line, instead of using bonds to get the neutral-risk probabilities in order to calculate the replicating portfolio ($V_t$), I use an asset (in this case, the underlying asset). This is: $$ Vt=S_t * E_R [X * S_T | F_t] $$ Where $X$ is the function of the derivative, $t$ is any time of valuation prior to the expiration date, and $T$ is the time of expiration.
    $endgroup$
    – BorisD
    May 19 at 12:40






  • 3




    $begingroup$
    $Eleft(e^-rT_2(S_T_1-K)^+right) = e^-r(T_2-T_1)Eleft(e^-rT_1(S_T_1-K)^+right)$.
    $endgroup$
    – Gordon
    May 19 at 12:41










  • $begingroup$
    This is still unclear. The payoff formula does not use S(T2), as claimed in the text.
    $endgroup$
    – dm63
    May 19 at 13:19










  • $begingroup$
    Sorry. Fixed. Payoff formula does not use $S_T_2$.
    $endgroup$
    – BorisD
    May 19 at 13:21













2












2








2





$begingroup$


I would really appreciate some help to value a weird derivative that I've found in an assignment:



$$ X=(S_T_1-k)^+ = max(S_T_1-k;0) $$



which expires at time $T_2$ and uses the price at time $T_1$ (therefore $t<T_1<T_2$), using "R" (risk-neutral) probabilities. I tried to solve by doing:
$$ V_t=S_t times E_R [(S_T_1-k)times1_(S_T_1>k)times S_T_2^-1 | F_t] $$
where $1_(S_T_2>k)$ is a function that takes a value of 1 if the condition is met and 0 if it's not, and $F_t$ is the information set at $t$. Solved it assuming $S_t=S_0times e^(r+sigma^2/2)times t+sigmatimes W_t$ where $W_t$ is a Brownian Motion process, and got the expression:



$$ V_t=S_t times N(d_1) - ktimes N(d_2) $$



where $d_1=fracln(K)+(r+fracsigma22)times(T_2-T_1)sigma times sqrtT_2-T_1$
and $d_2=fracln(K)+(r+fracsigma22)times(T_2-t)sigma times sqrtT_2-t$ but I'm not sure this is even close to being correct.



Then I'm asked to price the same derivative under $Q$ (risk neutral probabilities) given that $T_1<t<T_2$.



Thanks in advance to whoever can provide some assistance.










share|improve this question












$endgroup$




I would really appreciate some help to value a weird derivative that I've found in an assignment:



$$ X=(S_T_1-k)^+ = max(S_T_1-k;0) $$



which expires at time $T_2$ and uses the price at time $T_1$ (therefore $t<T_1<T_2$), using "R" (risk-neutral) probabilities. I tried to solve by doing:
$$ V_t=S_t times E_R [(S_T_1-k)times1_(S_T_1>k)times S_T_2^-1 | F_t] $$
where $1_(S_T_2>k)$ is a function that takes a value of 1 if the condition is met and 0 if it's not, and $F_t$ is the information set at $t$. Solved it assuming $S_t=S_0times e^(r+sigma^2/2)times t+sigmatimes W_t$ where $W_t$ is a Brownian Motion process, and got the expression:



$$ V_t=S_t times N(d_1) - ktimes N(d_2) $$



where $d_1=fracln(K)+(r+fracsigma22)times(T_2-T_1)sigma times sqrtT_2-T_1$
and $d_2=fracln(K)+(r+fracsigma22)times(T_2-t)sigma times sqrtT_2-t$ but I'm not sure this is even close to being correct.



Then I'm asked to price the same derivative under $Q$ (risk neutral probabilities) given that $T_1<t<T_2$.



Thanks in advance to whoever can provide some assistance.







option-pricing black-scholes derivatives valuation






share|improve this question
















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited May 21 at 13:27









bhutes

77811 bronze badges




77811 bronze badges










asked May 19 at 11:25









BorisDBorisD

163 bronze badges




163 bronze badges














  • $begingroup$
    What is going on with first line (double equal sign?) and 3rd line (how did you just factor $S_t$ but get $S_T_2^-1$ inside?). Use 1_ for indicators
    $endgroup$
    – Makina
    May 19 at 11:54











  • $begingroup$
    Fixed line 1. Thanks! In the third line, instead of using bonds to get the neutral-risk probabilities in order to calculate the replicating portfolio ($V_t$), I use an asset (in this case, the underlying asset). This is: $$ Vt=S_t * E_R [X * S_T | F_t] $$ Where $X$ is the function of the derivative, $t$ is any time of valuation prior to the expiration date, and $T$ is the time of expiration.
    $endgroup$
    – BorisD
    May 19 at 12:40






  • 3




    $begingroup$
    $Eleft(e^-rT_2(S_T_1-K)^+right) = e^-r(T_2-T_1)Eleft(e^-rT_1(S_T_1-K)^+right)$.
    $endgroup$
    – Gordon
    May 19 at 12:41










  • $begingroup$
    This is still unclear. The payoff formula does not use S(T2), as claimed in the text.
    $endgroup$
    – dm63
    May 19 at 13:19










  • $begingroup$
    Sorry. Fixed. Payoff formula does not use $S_T_2$.
    $endgroup$
    – BorisD
    May 19 at 13:21
















  • $begingroup$
    What is going on with first line (double equal sign?) and 3rd line (how did you just factor $S_t$ but get $S_T_2^-1$ inside?). Use 1_ for indicators
    $endgroup$
    – Makina
    May 19 at 11:54











  • $begingroup$
    Fixed line 1. Thanks! In the third line, instead of using bonds to get the neutral-risk probabilities in order to calculate the replicating portfolio ($V_t$), I use an asset (in this case, the underlying asset). This is: $$ Vt=S_t * E_R [X * S_T | F_t] $$ Where $X$ is the function of the derivative, $t$ is any time of valuation prior to the expiration date, and $T$ is the time of expiration.
    $endgroup$
    – BorisD
    May 19 at 12:40






  • 3




    $begingroup$
    $Eleft(e^-rT_2(S_T_1-K)^+right) = e^-r(T_2-T_1)Eleft(e^-rT_1(S_T_1-K)^+right)$.
    $endgroup$
    – Gordon
    May 19 at 12:41










  • $begingroup$
    This is still unclear. The payoff formula does not use S(T2), as claimed in the text.
    $endgroup$
    – dm63
    May 19 at 13:19










  • $begingroup$
    Sorry. Fixed. Payoff formula does not use $S_T_2$.
    $endgroup$
    – BorisD
    May 19 at 13:21















$begingroup$
What is going on with first line (double equal sign?) and 3rd line (how did you just factor $S_t$ but get $S_T_2^-1$ inside?). Use 1_ for indicators
$endgroup$
– Makina
May 19 at 11:54





$begingroup$
What is going on with first line (double equal sign?) and 3rd line (how did you just factor $S_t$ but get $S_T_2^-1$ inside?). Use 1_ for indicators
$endgroup$
– Makina
May 19 at 11:54













$begingroup$
Fixed line 1. Thanks! In the third line, instead of using bonds to get the neutral-risk probabilities in order to calculate the replicating portfolio ($V_t$), I use an asset (in this case, the underlying asset). This is: $$ Vt=S_t * E_R [X * S_T | F_t] $$ Where $X$ is the function of the derivative, $t$ is any time of valuation prior to the expiration date, and $T$ is the time of expiration.
$endgroup$
– BorisD
May 19 at 12:40




$begingroup$
Fixed line 1. Thanks! In the third line, instead of using bonds to get the neutral-risk probabilities in order to calculate the replicating portfolio ($V_t$), I use an asset (in this case, the underlying asset). This is: $$ Vt=S_t * E_R [X * S_T | F_t] $$ Where $X$ is the function of the derivative, $t$ is any time of valuation prior to the expiration date, and $T$ is the time of expiration.
$endgroup$
– BorisD
May 19 at 12:40




3




3




$begingroup$
$Eleft(e^-rT_2(S_T_1-K)^+right) = e^-r(T_2-T_1)Eleft(e^-rT_1(S_T_1-K)^+right)$.
$endgroup$
– Gordon
May 19 at 12:41




$begingroup$
$Eleft(e^-rT_2(S_T_1-K)^+right) = e^-r(T_2-T_1)Eleft(e^-rT_1(S_T_1-K)^+right)$.
$endgroup$
– Gordon
May 19 at 12:41












$begingroup$
This is still unclear. The payoff formula does not use S(T2), as claimed in the text.
$endgroup$
– dm63
May 19 at 13:19




$begingroup$
This is still unclear. The payoff formula does not use S(T2), as claimed in the text.
$endgroup$
– dm63
May 19 at 13:19












$begingroup$
Sorry. Fixed. Payoff formula does not use $S_T_2$.
$endgroup$
– BorisD
May 19 at 13:21




$begingroup$
Sorry. Fixed. Payoff formula does not use $S_T_2$.
$endgroup$
– BorisD
May 19 at 13:21










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes


















3
















$begingroup$

@Gordon has already given the answer but here is a little more notes to it...



At time time $T_2$ the holder receives $X=(S_T_1-K)^+$. According to Risk Neutral Valuation the value at time $t$ $(t<T_1<T_2)$ is $$V_t = e^-r(T_2-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+] = \
e^-r(T_2-t+T_1-T_1)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]=\
e^-r(T_2-T_1)e^-r(T_1-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]
$$



$e^-r(T_1-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]$ is the value of a Call Option at time $t$ with expiration at time $T_1$. This is simply given by the Black-Sholes formula so $e^-r(T_1-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]=C_BS(S_t,t;T_1)$



$$
V_t=e^-r(T_2-T_1)e^-r(T_1-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]=e^-r(T_2-T_1)C_BS(S_t,t;T_1)
$$



For $T_1<t<T_2$ then $(S_T_1 - K )^+$ is measurable so $E_t[(S_T_1 - K )^+]=(S_T_1 - K )^+$. This means you know exactly what you get and only have to discount the pay-off: $V_t=e^-r(T_2-1)(S_T_1 - K )^+$






share|improve this answer












$endgroup$










  • 1




    $begingroup$
    You've missed a minus sign in front of $r$, which you can also see by the fact that if $r>0$ then by your formula $V_t>C_BS(S_t,t;T_1)$ which is inconsistent with positive rates as it's always preferable to receive a payment at $T_1$ than at $T_2>T_1$ (as you can earn the rate $r$ between $T_1$ and $T_2$ if you've been paid at $T_1<T_2$).
    $endgroup$
    – Daneel Olivaw
    May 19 at 14:15













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1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes








1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

votes






active

oldest

votes









3
















$begingroup$

@Gordon has already given the answer but here is a little more notes to it...



At time time $T_2$ the holder receives $X=(S_T_1-K)^+$. According to Risk Neutral Valuation the value at time $t$ $(t<T_1<T_2)$ is $$V_t = e^-r(T_2-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+] = \
e^-r(T_2-t+T_1-T_1)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]=\
e^-r(T_2-T_1)e^-r(T_1-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]
$$



$e^-r(T_1-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]$ is the value of a Call Option at time $t$ with expiration at time $T_1$. This is simply given by the Black-Sholes formula so $e^-r(T_1-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]=C_BS(S_t,t;T_1)$



$$
V_t=e^-r(T_2-T_1)e^-r(T_1-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]=e^-r(T_2-T_1)C_BS(S_t,t;T_1)
$$



For $T_1<t<T_2$ then $(S_T_1 - K )^+$ is measurable so $E_t[(S_T_1 - K )^+]=(S_T_1 - K )^+$. This means you know exactly what you get and only have to discount the pay-off: $V_t=e^-r(T_2-1)(S_T_1 - K )^+$






share|improve this answer












$endgroup$










  • 1




    $begingroup$
    You've missed a minus sign in front of $r$, which you can also see by the fact that if $r>0$ then by your formula $V_t>C_BS(S_t,t;T_1)$ which is inconsistent with positive rates as it's always preferable to receive a payment at $T_1$ than at $T_2>T_1$ (as you can earn the rate $r$ between $T_1$ and $T_2$ if you've been paid at $T_1<T_2$).
    $endgroup$
    – Daneel Olivaw
    May 19 at 14:15
















3
















$begingroup$

@Gordon has already given the answer but here is a little more notes to it...



At time time $T_2$ the holder receives $X=(S_T_1-K)^+$. According to Risk Neutral Valuation the value at time $t$ $(t<T_1<T_2)$ is $$V_t = e^-r(T_2-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+] = \
e^-r(T_2-t+T_1-T_1)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]=\
e^-r(T_2-T_1)e^-r(T_1-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]
$$



$e^-r(T_1-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]$ is the value of a Call Option at time $t$ with expiration at time $T_1$. This is simply given by the Black-Sholes formula so $e^-r(T_1-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]=C_BS(S_t,t;T_1)$



$$
V_t=e^-r(T_2-T_1)e^-r(T_1-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]=e^-r(T_2-T_1)C_BS(S_t,t;T_1)
$$



For $T_1<t<T_2$ then $(S_T_1 - K )^+$ is measurable so $E_t[(S_T_1 - K )^+]=(S_T_1 - K )^+$. This means you know exactly what you get and only have to discount the pay-off: $V_t=e^-r(T_2-1)(S_T_1 - K )^+$






share|improve this answer












$endgroup$










  • 1




    $begingroup$
    You've missed a minus sign in front of $r$, which you can also see by the fact that if $r>0$ then by your formula $V_t>C_BS(S_t,t;T_1)$ which is inconsistent with positive rates as it's always preferable to receive a payment at $T_1$ than at $T_2>T_1$ (as you can earn the rate $r$ between $T_1$ and $T_2$ if you've been paid at $T_1<T_2$).
    $endgroup$
    – Daneel Olivaw
    May 19 at 14:15














3














3










3







$begingroup$

@Gordon has already given the answer but here is a little more notes to it...



At time time $T_2$ the holder receives $X=(S_T_1-K)^+$. According to Risk Neutral Valuation the value at time $t$ $(t<T_1<T_2)$ is $$V_t = e^-r(T_2-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+] = \
e^-r(T_2-t+T_1-T_1)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]=\
e^-r(T_2-T_1)e^-r(T_1-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]
$$



$e^-r(T_1-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]$ is the value of a Call Option at time $t$ with expiration at time $T_1$. This is simply given by the Black-Sholes formula so $e^-r(T_1-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]=C_BS(S_t,t;T_1)$



$$
V_t=e^-r(T_2-T_1)e^-r(T_1-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]=e^-r(T_2-T_1)C_BS(S_t,t;T_1)
$$



For $T_1<t<T_2$ then $(S_T_1 - K )^+$ is measurable so $E_t[(S_T_1 - K )^+]=(S_T_1 - K )^+$. This means you know exactly what you get and only have to discount the pay-off: $V_t=e^-r(T_2-1)(S_T_1 - K )^+$






share|improve this answer












$endgroup$



@Gordon has already given the answer but here is a little more notes to it...



At time time $T_2$ the holder receives $X=(S_T_1-K)^+$. According to Risk Neutral Valuation the value at time $t$ $(t<T_1<T_2)$ is $$V_t = e^-r(T_2-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+] = \
e^-r(T_2-t+T_1-T_1)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]=\
e^-r(T_2-T_1)e^-r(T_1-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]
$$



$e^-r(T_1-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]$ is the value of a Call Option at time $t$ with expiration at time $T_1$. This is simply given by the Black-Sholes formula so $e^-r(T_1-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]=C_BS(S_t,t;T_1)$



$$
V_t=e^-r(T_2-T_1)e^-r(T_1-t)E_t[(S_T_1-K)^+]=e^-r(T_2-T_1)C_BS(S_t,t;T_1)
$$



For $T_1<t<T_2$ then $(S_T_1 - K )^+$ is measurable so $E_t[(S_T_1 - K )^+]=(S_T_1 - K )^+$. This means you know exactly what you get and only have to discount the pay-off: $V_t=e^-r(T_2-1)(S_T_1 - K )^+$







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edited May 19 at 14:23

























answered May 19 at 14:07









SanjaySanjay

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  • 1




    $begingroup$
    You've missed a minus sign in front of $r$, which you can also see by the fact that if $r>0$ then by your formula $V_t>C_BS(S_t,t;T_1)$ which is inconsistent with positive rates as it's always preferable to receive a payment at $T_1$ than at $T_2>T_1$ (as you can earn the rate $r$ between $T_1$ and $T_2$ if you've been paid at $T_1<T_2$).
    $endgroup$
    – Daneel Olivaw
    May 19 at 14:15













  • 1




    $begingroup$
    You've missed a minus sign in front of $r$, which you can also see by the fact that if $r>0$ then by your formula $V_t>C_BS(S_t,t;T_1)$ which is inconsistent with positive rates as it's always preferable to receive a payment at $T_1$ than at $T_2>T_1$ (as you can earn the rate $r$ between $T_1$ and $T_2$ if you've been paid at $T_1<T_2$).
    $endgroup$
    – Daneel Olivaw
    May 19 at 14:15








1




1




$begingroup$
You've missed a minus sign in front of $r$, which you can also see by the fact that if $r>0$ then by your formula $V_t>C_BS(S_t,t;T_1)$ which is inconsistent with positive rates as it's always preferable to receive a payment at $T_1$ than at $T_2>T_1$ (as you can earn the rate $r$ between $T_1$ and $T_2$ if you've been paid at $T_1<T_2$).
$endgroup$
– Daneel Olivaw
May 19 at 14:15





$begingroup$
You've missed a minus sign in front of $r$, which you can also see by the fact that if $r>0$ then by your formula $V_t>C_BS(S_t,t;T_1)$ which is inconsistent with positive rates as it's always preferable to receive a payment at $T_1$ than at $T_2>T_1$ (as you can earn the rate $r$ between $T_1$ and $T_2$ if you've been paid at $T_1<T_2$).
$endgroup$
– Daneel Olivaw
May 19 at 14:15



















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