Why would image resources loaded from different origins triggering HTTP authentication dialogs be harmful?How to prevent popping up a login dialogue using a malicious hotlinked image and HTTP Basic Auth header?

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Why would image resources loaded from different origins triggering HTTP authentication dialogs be harmful?


How to prevent popping up a login dialogue using a malicious hotlinked image and HTTP Basic Auth header?






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margin-bottom:0;









35


















From https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Authentication, it says:




A potential security hole that has recently been fixed by browsers is
authentication of cross-site images. From Firefox 59 onwards, image
resources loaded from different origins to the current document are no
longer able to trigger HTTP authentication dialogs (bug 1423146),
preventing user credentials being stolen if attackers were able to
embed an arbitrary image into a third-party page.




How could user credentials be stolen? The authentication happens between the user and the image source website, while the "third-party page" website is not involved.










share|improve this question






















  • 4





    Related: How to prevent popping up a login dialogue using a malicious hotlinked image and HTTP Basic Auth header? In my answer then I called it a 403 Phishing Attack, which was the common nomenclature then. Today it's more commonly referred to as an HTTP Basic Auth Phishing attack, or something similar.

    – Xander
    Sep 5 at 4:04







  • 2





    As an aside, I've seen this attack in the wild, on a website that I had some level of responsibility for.

    – Xander
    Sep 5 at 4:07











  • Because the user will enter the credentials for the "third-party page", because that's the page they're on.

    – Stop Harming Monica
    Sep 6 at 15:48

















35


















From https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Authentication, it says:




A potential security hole that has recently been fixed by browsers is
authentication of cross-site images. From Firefox 59 onwards, image
resources loaded from different origins to the current document are no
longer able to trigger HTTP authentication dialogs (bug 1423146),
preventing user credentials being stolen if attackers were able to
embed an arbitrary image into a third-party page.




How could user credentials be stolen? The authentication happens between the user and the image source website, while the "third-party page" website is not involved.










share|improve this question






















  • 4





    Related: How to prevent popping up a login dialogue using a malicious hotlinked image and HTTP Basic Auth header? In my answer then I called it a 403 Phishing Attack, which was the common nomenclature then. Today it's more commonly referred to as an HTTP Basic Auth Phishing attack, or something similar.

    – Xander
    Sep 5 at 4:04







  • 2





    As an aside, I've seen this attack in the wild, on a website that I had some level of responsibility for.

    – Xander
    Sep 5 at 4:07











  • Because the user will enter the credentials for the "third-party page", because that's the page they're on.

    – Stop Harming Monica
    Sep 6 at 15:48













35













35









35


5






From https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Authentication, it says:




A potential security hole that has recently been fixed by browsers is
authentication of cross-site images. From Firefox 59 onwards, image
resources loaded from different origins to the current document are no
longer able to trigger HTTP authentication dialogs (bug 1423146),
preventing user credentials being stolen if attackers were able to
embed an arbitrary image into a third-party page.




How could user credentials be stolen? The authentication happens between the user and the image source website, while the "third-party page" website is not involved.










share|improve this question
















From https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Authentication, it says:




A potential security hole that has recently been fixed by browsers is
authentication of cross-site images. From Firefox 59 onwards, image
resources loaded from different origins to the current document are no
longer able to trigger HTTP authentication dialogs (bug 1423146),
preventing user credentials being stolen if attackers were able to
embed an arbitrary image into a third-party page.




How could user credentials be stolen? The authentication happens between the user and the image source website, while the "third-party page" website is not involved.







http-basic-auth






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited Sep 5 at 8:43









Anders

53.9k22 gold badges149 silver badges180 bronze badges




53.9k22 gold badges149 silver badges180 bronze badges










asked Sep 5 at 3:37









RickRick

8261 gold badge6 silver badges18 bronze badges




8261 gold badge6 silver badges18 bronze badges










  • 4





    Related: How to prevent popping up a login dialogue using a malicious hotlinked image and HTTP Basic Auth header? In my answer then I called it a 403 Phishing Attack, which was the common nomenclature then. Today it's more commonly referred to as an HTTP Basic Auth Phishing attack, or something similar.

    – Xander
    Sep 5 at 4:04







  • 2





    As an aside, I've seen this attack in the wild, on a website that I had some level of responsibility for.

    – Xander
    Sep 5 at 4:07











  • Because the user will enter the credentials for the "third-party page", because that's the page they're on.

    – Stop Harming Monica
    Sep 6 at 15:48












  • 4





    Related: How to prevent popping up a login dialogue using a malicious hotlinked image and HTTP Basic Auth header? In my answer then I called it a 403 Phishing Attack, which was the common nomenclature then. Today it's more commonly referred to as an HTTP Basic Auth Phishing attack, or something similar.

    – Xander
    Sep 5 at 4:04







  • 2





    As an aside, I've seen this attack in the wild, on a website that I had some level of responsibility for.

    – Xander
    Sep 5 at 4:07











  • Because the user will enter the credentials for the "third-party page", because that's the page they're on.

    – Stop Harming Monica
    Sep 6 at 15:48







4




4





Related: How to prevent popping up a login dialogue using a malicious hotlinked image and HTTP Basic Auth header? In my answer then I called it a 403 Phishing Attack, which was the common nomenclature then. Today it's more commonly referred to as an HTTP Basic Auth Phishing attack, or something similar.

– Xander
Sep 5 at 4:04






Related: How to prevent popping up a login dialogue using a malicious hotlinked image and HTTP Basic Auth header? In my answer then I called it a 403 Phishing Attack, which was the common nomenclature then. Today it's more commonly referred to as an HTTP Basic Auth Phishing attack, or something similar.

– Xander
Sep 5 at 4:04





2




2





As an aside, I've seen this attack in the wild, on a website that I had some level of responsibility for.

– Xander
Sep 5 at 4:07





As an aside, I've seen this attack in the wild, on a website that I had some level of responsibility for.

– Xander
Sep 5 at 4:07













Because the user will enter the credentials for the "third-party page", because that's the page they're on.

– Stop Harming Monica
Sep 6 at 15:48





Because the user will enter the credentials for the "third-party page", because that's the page they're on.

– Stop Harming Monica
Sep 6 at 15:48










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes


















47



















As outlined in the bug report, the issue is that an authentication dialog shows up on trustworthy.com, so oblivious users (and let's be honest, many users who pay attention as well) will type in their username and password, not realizing they're actually sending it to malicious.com. Combine this with a very similar looking domain (e.g. trustw0rthy.com), and the only reason a user wouldn't give away their credentials is because they've never seen trustworthy.com use Basic Auth before and it made them suspicious.



As an example:



Let's say your online banking at bank.com requires you to log in via Basic Auth. Now the attack would work like this:



  • An attacker manages to embed his image, served from malicious.com, somewhere in bank.com where the user (you) will load the image.

  • You load the page on bank.com that embeds the attacker's image, and the browser pops up a Basic Auth dialog.

  • You type in your username and password for bank.com, believing the site is asking you to log in, but the browser will send them to malicious.com instead.





share|improve this answer























  • 8





    Ahhh I see! It's for example like bank.com requires Basic Auth like usual, and the attacker manages to embed his image somewhere in bank.com where the user would load the image. Then the user would type in the username and password as if it were the auth dialog from bank.com.

    – Rick
    Sep 5 at 4:11







  • 6





    @Bergi Showing the domain name might help, but it still relies on the user noticing it, comparing it to the correct domain for the site they intended to visited, and knowing not to enter their credentials if there's a mismatch. I haven't seen any user test data, but it strikes me as likely that even without using homoglyph trickery, a substantial number of users will still provide their credentials in that situation.

    – Zach Lipton
    Sep 5 at 20:34






  • 2





    A better example than bank.com might be a site like Stack Exchange or forum/BB/etc. that allows embedding links to arbitrary off-site images in user-generated content. Webmail would also be a major target if there are still webmail providers that let third-party resources through.

    – R..
    Sep 5 at 20:39






  • 4





    @R.. If this vulnerability wasn't already fixed a malicious/compromised CDN could probably target a good portion of the internet.

    – AndrolGenhald
    Sep 5 at 20:47






  • 6





    A more realistic attack would be a user making a post on forum.com that embeds an image, and then using the collected username/password pairs to try to log in to bank.com.

    – Mark
    Sep 5 at 22:24












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1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes








1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes









active

oldest

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active

oldest

votes









47



















As outlined in the bug report, the issue is that an authentication dialog shows up on trustworthy.com, so oblivious users (and let's be honest, many users who pay attention as well) will type in their username and password, not realizing they're actually sending it to malicious.com. Combine this with a very similar looking domain (e.g. trustw0rthy.com), and the only reason a user wouldn't give away their credentials is because they've never seen trustworthy.com use Basic Auth before and it made them suspicious.



As an example:



Let's say your online banking at bank.com requires you to log in via Basic Auth. Now the attack would work like this:



  • An attacker manages to embed his image, served from malicious.com, somewhere in bank.com where the user (you) will load the image.

  • You load the page on bank.com that embeds the attacker's image, and the browser pops up a Basic Auth dialog.

  • You type in your username and password for bank.com, believing the site is asking you to log in, but the browser will send them to malicious.com instead.





share|improve this answer























  • 8





    Ahhh I see! It's for example like bank.com requires Basic Auth like usual, and the attacker manages to embed his image somewhere in bank.com where the user would load the image. Then the user would type in the username and password as if it were the auth dialog from bank.com.

    – Rick
    Sep 5 at 4:11







  • 6





    @Bergi Showing the domain name might help, but it still relies on the user noticing it, comparing it to the correct domain for the site they intended to visited, and knowing not to enter their credentials if there's a mismatch. I haven't seen any user test data, but it strikes me as likely that even without using homoglyph trickery, a substantial number of users will still provide their credentials in that situation.

    – Zach Lipton
    Sep 5 at 20:34






  • 2





    A better example than bank.com might be a site like Stack Exchange or forum/BB/etc. that allows embedding links to arbitrary off-site images in user-generated content. Webmail would also be a major target if there are still webmail providers that let third-party resources through.

    – R..
    Sep 5 at 20:39






  • 4





    @R.. If this vulnerability wasn't already fixed a malicious/compromised CDN could probably target a good portion of the internet.

    – AndrolGenhald
    Sep 5 at 20:47






  • 6





    A more realistic attack would be a user making a post on forum.com that embeds an image, and then using the collected username/password pairs to try to log in to bank.com.

    – Mark
    Sep 5 at 22:24















47



















As outlined in the bug report, the issue is that an authentication dialog shows up on trustworthy.com, so oblivious users (and let's be honest, many users who pay attention as well) will type in their username and password, not realizing they're actually sending it to malicious.com. Combine this with a very similar looking domain (e.g. trustw0rthy.com), and the only reason a user wouldn't give away their credentials is because they've never seen trustworthy.com use Basic Auth before and it made them suspicious.



As an example:



Let's say your online banking at bank.com requires you to log in via Basic Auth. Now the attack would work like this:



  • An attacker manages to embed his image, served from malicious.com, somewhere in bank.com where the user (you) will load the image.

  • You load the page on bank.com that embeds the attacker's image, and the browser pops up a Basic Auth dialog.

  • You type in your username and password for bank.com, believing the site is asking you to log in, but the browser will send them to malicious.com instead.





share|improve this answer























  • 8





    Ahhh I see! It's for example like bank.com requires Basic Auth like usual, and the attacker manages to embed his image somewhere in bank.com where the user would load the image. Then the user would type in the username and password as if it were the auth dialog from bank.com.

    – Rick
    Sep 5 at 4:11







  • 6





    @Bergi Showing the domain name might help, but it still relies on the user noticing it, comparing it to the correct domain for the site they intended to visited, and knowing not to enter their credentials if there's a mismatch. I haven't seen any user test data, but it strikes me as likely that even without using homoglyph trickery, a substantial number of users will still provide their credentials in that situation.

    – Zach Lipton
    Sep 5 at 20:34






  • 2





    A better example than bank.com might be a site like Stack Exchange or forum/BB/etc. that allows embedding links to arbitrary off-site images in user-generated content. Webmail would also be a major target if there are still webmail providers that let third-party resources through.

    – R..
    Sep 5 at 20:39






  • 4





    @R.. If this vulnerability wasn't already fixed a malicious/compromised CDN could probably target a good portion of the internet.

    – AndrolGenhald
    Sep 5 at 20:47






  • 6





    A more realistic attack would be a user making a post on forum.com that embeds an image, and then using the collected username/password pairs to try to log in to bank.com.

    – Mark
    Sep 5 at 22:24













47















47











47









As outlined in the bug report, the issue is that an authentication dialog shows up on trustworthy.com, so oblivious users (and let's be honest, many users who pay attention as well) will type in their username and password, not realizing they're actually sending it to malicious.com. Combine this with a very similar looking domain (e.g. trustw0rthy.com), and the only reason a user wouldn't give away their credentials is because they've never seen trustworthy.com use Basic Auth before and it made them suspicious.



As an example:



Let's say your online banking at bank.com requires you to log in via Basic Auth. Now the attack would work like this:



  • An attacker manages to embed his image, served from malicious.com, somewhere in bank.com where the user (you) will load the image.

  • You load the page on bank.com that embeds the attacker's image, and the browser pops up a Basic Auth dialog.

  • You type in your username and password for bank.com, believing the site is asking you to log in, but the browser will send them to malicious.com instead.





share|improve this answer
















As outlined in the bug report, the issue is that an authentication dialog shows up on trustworthy.com, so oblivious users (and let's be honest, many users who pay attention as well) will type in their username and password, not realizing they're actually sending it to malicious.com. Combine this with a very similar looking domain (e.g. trustw0rthy.com), and the only reason a user wouldn't give away their credentials is because they've never seen trustworthy.com use Basic Auth before and it made them suspicious.



As an example:



Let's say your online banking at bank.com requires you to log in via Basic Auth. Now the attack would work like this:



  • An attacker manages to embed his image, served from malicious.com, somewhere in bank.com where the user (you) will load the image.

  • You load the page on bank.com that embeds the attacker's image, and the browser pops up a Basic Auth dialog.

  • You type in your username and password for bank.com, believing the site is asking you to log in, but the browser will send them to malicious.com instead.






share|improve this answer















share|improve this answer




share|improve this answer








edited Sep 5 at 14:23









chrki

1053 bronze badges




1053 bronze badges










answered Sep 5 at 3:58









AndrolGenhaldAndrolGenhald

14.4k5 gold badges39 silver badges45 bronze badges




14.4k5 gold badges39 silver badges45 bronze badges










  • 8





    Ahhh I see! It's for example like bank.com requires Basic Auth like usual, and the attacker manages to embed his image somewhere in bank.com where the user would load the image. Then the user would type in the username and password as if it were the auth dialog from bank.com.

    – Rick
    Sep 5 at 4:11







  • 6





    @Bergi Showing the domain name might help, but it still relies on the user noticing it, comparing it to the correct domain for the site they intended to visited, and knowing not to enter their credentials if there's a mismatch. I haven't seen any user test data, but it strikes me as likely that even without using homoglyph trickery, a substantial number of users will still provide their credentials in that situation.

    – Zach Lipton
    Sep 5 at 20:34






  • 2





    A better example than bank.com might be a site like Stack Exchange or forum/BB/etc. that allows embedding links to arbitrary off-site images in user-generated content. Webmail would also be a major target if there are still webmail providers that let third-party resources through.

    – R..
    Sep 5 at 20:39






  • 4





    @R.. If this vulnerability wasn't already fixed a malicious/compromised CDN could probably target a good portion of the internet.

    – AndrolGenhald
    Sep 5 at 20:47






  • 6





    A more realistic attack would be a user making a post on forum.com that embeds an image, and then using the collected username/password pairs to try to log in to bank.com.

    – Mark
    Sep 5 at 22:24












  • 8





    Ahhh I see! It's for example like bank.com requires Basic Auth like usual, and the attacker manages to embed his image somewhere in bank.com where the user would load the image. Then the user would type in the username and password as if it were the auth dialog from bank.com.

    – Rick
    Sep 5 at 4:11







  • 6





    @Bergi Showing the domain name might help, but it still relies on the user noticing it, comparing it to the correct domain for the site they intended to visited, and knowing not to enter their credentials if there's a mismatch. I haven't seen any user test data, but it strikes me as likely that even without using homoglyph trickery, a substantial number of users will still provide their credentials in that situation.

    – Zach Lipton
    Sep 5 at 20:34






  • 2





    A better example than bank.com might be a site like Stack Exchange or forum/BB/etc. that allows embedding links to arbitrary off-site images in user-generated content. Webmail would also be a major target if there are still webmail providers that let third-party resources through.

    – R..
    Sep 5 at 20:39






  • 4





    @R.. If this vulnerability wasn't already fixed a malicious/compromised CDN could probably target a good portion of the internet.

    – AndrolGenhald
    Sep 5 at 20:47






  • 6





    A more realistic attack would be a user making a post on forum.com that embeds an image, and then using the collected username/password pairs to try to log in to bank.com.

    – Mark
    Sep 5 at 22:24







8




8





Ahhh I see! It's for example like bank.com requires Basic Auth like usual, and the attacker manages to embed his image somewhere in bank.com where the user would load the image. Then the user would type in the username and password as if it were the auth dialog from bank.com.

– Rick
Sep 5 at 4:11






Ahhh I see! It's for example like bank.com requires Basic Auth like usual, and the attacker manages to embed his image somewhere in bank.com where the user would load the image. Then the user would type in the username and password as if it were the auth dialog from bank.com.

– Rick
Sep 5 at 4:11





6




6





@Bergi Showing the domain name might help, but it still relies on the user noticing it, comparing it to the correct domain for the site they intended to visited, and knowing not to enter their credentials if there's a mismatch. I haven't seen any user test data, but it strikes me as likely that even without using homoglyph trickery, a substantial number of users will still provide their credentials in that situation.

– Zach Lipton
Sep 5 at 20:34





@Bergi Showing the domain name might help, but it still relies on the user noticing it, comparing it to the correct domain for the site they intended to visited, and knowing not to enter their credentials if there's a mismatch. I haven't seen any user test data, but it strikes me as likely that even without using homoglyph trickery, a substantial number of users will still provide their credentials in that situation.

– Zach Lipton
Sep 5 at 20:34




2




2





A better example than bank.com might be a site like Stack Exchange or forum/BB/etc. that allows embedding links to arbitrary off-site images in user-generated content. Webmail would also be a major target if there are still webmail providers that let third-party resources through.

– R..
Sep 5 at 20:39





A better example than bank.com might be a site like Stack Exchange or forum/BB/etc. that allows embedding links to arbitrary off-site images in user-generated content. Webmail would also be a major target if there are still webmail providers that let third-party resources through.

– R..
Sep 5 at 20:39




4




4





@R.. If this vulnerability wasn't already fixed a malicious/compromised CDN could probably target a good portion of the internet.

– AndrolGenhald
Sep 5 at 20:47





@R.. If this vulnerability wasn't already fixed a malicious/compromised CDN could probably target a good portion of the internet.

– AndrolGenhald
Sep 5 at 20:47




6




6





A more realistic attack would be a user making a post on forum.com that embeds an image, and then using the collected username/password pairs to try to log in to bank.com.

– Mark
Sep 5 at 22:24





A more realistic attack would be a user making a post on forum.com that embeds an image, and then using the collected username/password pairs to try to log in to bank.com.

– Mark
Sep 5 at 22:24


















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