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Penyerbuan Polandia Catatan kaki | Referensi | Pranala luar | Menu navigasidiperiksa1 perubahan tertundaThe 1939 Campaign"Overview - New Zealand and the Second World War""The Coming of the War and Eastern Europe in World War II""Wojna sukcesów""Most honoru""The Katyn Controversy: Stalin's Killing Field""KAMPANIA WRZEŚNIOWA 1939"detailed outline of campaign, mainly from German documentsWorld War 2 Online Newspaper Archives - The Invasion of Poland, 1939The Campaign in Poland at WorldWar2 DatabaseThe Campaign in Poland at Achtung! PanzerGerman Statistics including September Campaign lossesBrief Campaign losses and more statisticsFall Weiß - The Fall of PolandAgreement of Mutual Assistance Between the United Kingdom and Poland.-London, 25 August 1939.Poland's Defence WarRadio reports on the German invasion of PolandNazi broadcast claiming that Germany's action is an act of defenseGerman replyHeadline story on BBC: Germany invades PolandBBC portal dedicated to the start of WW II in EuropeSeptember 17, 1939 - Soviet aggression on PolandHalford Mackinder's Necessary WarInvasion of Poland

InvasiKonflik tahun 1939Pertempuran Perang Dunia II melibatkan PolandiaPertempuran Perang Dunia II melibatkan RusiaPertempuran Perang Dunia II melibatkan JermanPertempuran Perang Dunia II melibatkan SlowakiaPolandia dalam tahun 1939Rusia dalam tahun 1939Jerman dalam tahun 1939Slowakia dalam tahun 1939


PolandiaJermanFall WeissJerman NaziUni SovietSlowakiaPerang Dunia IIPolandiaBritania RayaAustraliaSelandia BaruJerman3 SeptemberPrancisAfrika SelatanKanada1 September1939Pakta Molotov-Ribbentrop6 Oktober1939Perang PhoneyInsiden Gleiwitz31 Agustus19391 SeptemberPertempuran Bzura17 September1939tentara Merahdaerah timur PolandiaRumania1 Oktobergerakan perlawanan










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Penyerbuan Polandia




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Penyerbuan Polandia
Bagian dari Perang Dunia II

Schleswig Holstein firing Gdynia 13.09.1939.jpg
Kapal Jerman Schleswig-Holstein, menembak Westerplatte, 1 September 1939.






Tanggal
1 September – 6 Oktober 1939
LokasiDanzig, Polandia
Hasil
Kemenangan Blok Poros dan Soviet; Teritori Polandia terbagi antara Jerman dan Uni Soviet
Pihak terlibat

Bendera Polandia Polandia

Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg Jerman Nazi
Flag of the Soviet Union (1924–1955).svg Uni Soviet
Flag of Slovakia (1939–1945).svg Slowakia
Tokoh dan pemimpin

Bendera Polandia Edward Rydz-Śmigły

Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg Fedor von Bock
Flag of Germany (1935–1945).svg Gerd von Rundstedt
Flag of the Soviet Union (1924–1955).svg Mikhail Kovalev (Front Belorusia),
Flag of the Soviet Union (1924–1955).svg Semyon Timoshenko (Front Ukraina),
Flag of Slovakia (1939–1945).svg Ferdinand Čatloš
Kekuatan

Polandia:
39 divisi,[1]
16 brigadir,[1]
4.300 senapan,[1]
880 tank,
400 pesawat tempur[2]
Jumlah: 950.000

Jerman:
56 divisi,
4 brigadir,
9.000 senapan,[2]
2.500 tank,[2]
2.315 pesawat tempur[3]
Uni Soviet:
33+ divisi,
11+ brigadir,
4.959 senapan,
4.736 tank,
3.300 pesawat tempur
Slowakia:
3 divisi
Jumlah:
1.500.000 orang Jerman,[2]
800.000+ orang Soviet,
50.000 orang Slowakia
Seluruhnya: 2.350.000+
Korban

Polandia:
66.000 tewas,
133.700 terluka,
694.000 ditangkap

Jerman:
16.343 tewas,
27.280 terluka,
320 hilang
Uni Soviet:
737 tewas atau hilang,
1.125 terluka
Slowakia:
18 tewas,
46 terluka,
11 hilang

Penyerbuan Polandia 1939 (di Polandia juga disebut "Kampanye September", "Kampania wrześniowa," dan "Perang Defensif 1939," "Wojna obronna 1939 roku"; di Jerman, "Kampanye Polandia," "Polenfeldzug," dinamai "Fall Weiss," "Case White," oleh Jerman, dan kadang-kadang disebut "Perang Polandia-Jerman 1939"), adalah invasi yang dilancarkan oleh Jerman Nazi, Uni Soviet, dan kontingen Slowakia yang merupakan sebab khusus Perang Dunia II.


Penyerbuan Polandia menandai dimulainya Perang Dunia II di Eropa. Sekutu Polandia, Britania Raya, Australia, dan Selandia Baru,[4] menyatakan perang kepada Jerman pada tanggal 3 September, yang segera diikuti oleh Prancis, Afrika Selatan, dan Kanada. Penyerbuan Polandia dimulai pada tanggal 1 September 1939, satu minggu setelah penandatanganan Pakta Molotov-Ribbentrop, dan penyerbuan ini berakhir pada tanggal 6 Oktober 1939, setelah Jerman dan Uni Soviet menduduki seluruh Polandia. Walaupun Britania Raya dan Prancis menyatakan perang setelah Jerman menyerang Polandia, sangat sedikit aksi militer langsung yang dilakukan (lihat Perang Phoney).


Dengan terjadinya Insiden Gleiwitz pada tanggal 31 Agustus 1939, pada 1 September, pasukan Jerman menyerang Polandia dari utara, selatan, dan barat. Pasukan Polandia terpencar untuk melindungi perbatasan panjang mereka, dan segera mundur ke timur. Setelah kekalahan Polandia pada pertengahan September dalam Pertempuran Bzura, tentara Polandia mulai mundur ke tenggara untuk melindungi przedmoście rumuńskie, tempat pasukan Polandia menunggu bantuan Sekutu.[5]


Pada tanggal 17 September 1939, tentara Merah Soviet menyerang daerah timur Polandia.[6] Soviet mengambil daerah mereka sesuai dengan pembagian pada pakta Molotov-Ribbentrop.[7] Pemerintah Polandia menyadari bahwa mempertahakan Przedmoście rumuńskie sudah tidak berguna dan memerintahkan evakuasi ke Rumania.[8] Pada 1 Oktober, Jerman dan Uni Soviet berhasil menguasai seluruh Polandia, walaupun pemerintah Polandia tidak pernah menyerah.


Setelah kampanye militer September, gerakan perlawanan dibentuk. Pasukan Polandia terus terlibat dalam operasi militer Sekutu.



Catatan kaki |




  1. ^ abcПереслегин. Вторая мировая: война между реальностями.- М.:Яуза, Эксмо, 2006, с.22; Р. Э. Дюпюи, Т. Н. Дюпюи. Всемирная история войн. — С-П,М: АСТ, кн.4, с.93


  2. ^ abcdMinistry of Foreign Affairs. The 1939 Campaign Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2005


  3. ^ E.R Hooton, p85


  4. ^ History Group of the Ministry for Culture and Heritage, Wellington, New Zealand (2005). "Overview - New Zealand and the Second World War". New Zealand's History online (dalam bahasa English). Ministry for Culture and Heritage, Wellington, New Zealand. Diakses tanggal 2007-01-15. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (link) Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)


  5. ^ Baliszewski, Most honoru


  6. ^ Fischer 1999–2000


  7. ^ Cienciala, Anna M. (2004). "The Coming of the War and Eastern Europe in World War II". University of Kansas. Diakses tanggal 2006-03-15. 


  8. ^ (Sanford 2005, pp. 20–24)




Referensi |



  • Cooper, Matthew (1978). The German Army 1939–1945: Its Political and Military Failure. New York: Stein and Day. ISBN 0-8128-2468-7. 


  • Baliszewski, Dariusz (2004-10-10). "Wojna sukcesów". Wprost (dalam bahasa Polish) (1141). Diakses tanggal 2005-03-24.  Periksa nilai tanggal di: |date= (bantuan)Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)


  • Baliszewski, Dariusz (2004-09-19). "Most honoru". Wprost (dalam bahasa Polish) (1138). Diakses tanggal 2005-03-24.  Periksa nilai tanggal di: |date= (bantuan)Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)


  • Chodakiewicz, Marek Jan (2004). Between Nazis and Soviets: Occupation Politics in Poland, 1939–1947. Lexington Books. ISBN 0-7391-0484-5. 


  • Ellis, John (1999). Brute Force: Allied Strategy and Tactics in the Second World War (edisi ke-1st American ed.). Viking Adult. ISBN 0-670-80773-7. Pemeliharaan CS1: Teks tambahan (link)


  • Fischer, Benjamin B. (Winter 1999–2000). "The Katyn Controversy: Stalin's Killing Field". Studies in Intelligence. Diakses tanggal 2005-12-10. 


  • Gross, Jan T. (2002). Revolution from Abroad: The Soviet Conquest of Poland's Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-09603-1. 


  • Hooton, E. R. (2007). Luftwaffe at War: Gathering Storm 1933–1939 Volume 1. London: Chervron/Ian Allen. ISBN 978-1-903223-71-7 Periksa nilai: checksum |isbn= (bantuan). 


  • Kennedy, Robert M. (1980). The German Campaign in Poland (1939). Zenger. ISBN 0-89201-064-9. 


  • Lukas, Richard C. (2001). Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles Under German Occupation, 1939–1944. Hippocrene Books. ISBN 0-7818-0901-0. 


  • Majer, Diemut (2003). Non-Germans under the Third Reich: The Nazi Judicial and Administrative System in Germany and Occupied Eastern Europe, with Special Regard to Occupied Poland, 1939–1945. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-6493-3.  Parameter |coauthors= yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (|author= yang disarankan) (bantuan)


  • Prazmowska, Anita J. (1995). Britain and Poland 1939–1943: The Betrayed Ally. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-48385-9. 


  • Rossino, Alexander B. (2003). Hitler Strikes Poland: Blitzkrieg, Ideology and Atrocity. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. ISBN 0-7006-1234-3. 


  • Sanford, George (2005). Katyn and the Soviet Massacre Of 1940: Truth, Justice And Memory. London, New York: Routledge. ISBN 0415338735. 


  • Smith, Peter Charles (1998). Stuka Spearhead: The Lightning War from Poland to Dunkirk 1939–1940. Greenhill Books. ISBN 1-85367-329-3. 


  • Sword, Keith (1991). The Soviet Takeover of the Polish Eastern Provinces, 1939–41. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-05570-6. 


  • Stachiewicz, Wacław (1998). Wierności dochować żołnierskiej (dalam bahasa Polish). OW RYTM. ISBN 83-86678-71-2. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)


  • Taylor, A. J. P. (1974). A History Of World War Two. London: Octopus Books. ISBN 0-70640-399-1.  Parameter |coauthors= yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (|author= yang disarankan) (bantuan)


  • Zaloga, Steve (2002). Poland 1939: The Birth of Blitzkrieg. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84176-408-6.  Parameter |coauthors= yang tidak diketahui mengabaikan (|author= yang disarankan) (bantuan)


  • Zaloga, Steve (1982). The Polish Army 1939–1945. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 0-85045-417-4. 


  • "KAMPANIA WRZEŚNIOWA 1939". Internetowa encyklopedia PWN (dalam bahasa Polish). Diakses tanggal 2005-12-10. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)


  • Böhler, Jochen (2006). Auftakt zum Vernichtungskrieg; Die Wehrmacht in Polen 1939 (Preface to the War of Annihilation: Wehrmacht in Poland) (dalam bahasa German). Frankfurt: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag. ISBN 3-596-16307-2. Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)


Pranala luar |


  • detailed outline of campaign, mainly from German documents

  • World War 2 Online Newspaper Archives - The Invasion of Poland, 1939

  • The Campaign in Poland at WorldWar2 Database

  • The Campaign in Poland at Achtung! Panzer

  • German Statistics including September Campaign losses

  • Brief Campaign losses and more statistics

  • Fall Weiß - The Fall of Poland

  • Agreement of Mutual Assistance Between the United Kingdom and Poland.-London, 25 August 1939.


  • Poland's Defence War, a fairly detailed but possibly one sided account of the Polish defense in 1939


  • Radio reports on the German invasion of Poland and Nazi broadcast claiming that Germany's action is an act of defense


  • German reply to British Government's ultimatum of 3 September 1939


  • Headline story on BBC: Germany invades Poland 1 September 1939.

  • BBC portal dedicated to the start of WW II in Europe

  • September 17, 1939 - Soviet aggression on Poland


  • Halford Mackinder's Necessary War An essay describing the Polish Campaign in a larger strategic context of the war

  • Invasion of Poland




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